135 lines
3.5 KiB
Groff
135 lines
3.5 KiB
Groff
.TH CHMOD 1V "9 April 1986"
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.\" @(#)chmod.1 1.1 92/07/30 SMI; from UCB 4.3 BSD and S5
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.SH NAME
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chmod \- change mode
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.SH SYNOPSIS
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.B chmod
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[
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.B \-fR
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]
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.I mode
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.I filename \fB.\|.\|.\fP
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.SH SYSTEM V SYNOPSIS
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.B chmod
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.I mode
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.I filename \fB.\|.\|.\fP
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.SH DESCRIPTION
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.IX chmod "" "\fLchmod\fP \(em change mode"
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.IX files "chmod command" files "\fLchmod\fP \(em change mode"
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.IX change "mode of file"
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.IX change "permissions of file"
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.IX modes "chmod command" modes "\fLchmod\fP \(em change mode"
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.IX permissions "chmod command" permissions "\fLchmod\fP \(em change mode"
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Change the permissions, or mode, of a file or files.
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Only the owner of a file (or the superuser) may change its mode.
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.LP
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The mode of each named file is changed according to \fImode\fP,
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which may be absolute or symbolic.
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.SS Absolute Modes
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An absolute \fImode\fP is an octal number constructed from the
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.SM OR
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of the following modes:
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.nf
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.ta +.5i
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\0\fB4\fR00 read by owner
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\0\fB2\fR00 write by owner
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\0\fB1\fR00 execute (search in directory) by owner
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.sp .25v
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\00\fB4\fR0 read by group
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\00\fB2\fR0 write by group
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\00\fB1\fR0 execute (search) by group
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.sp .25v
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\000\fB4\fR read by others
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\000\fB2\fR write by others
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\000\fB1\fR execute (search) by others
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.sp .25v
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\fB4\fR000 set user ID on execution
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\fB2\fR000 set group ID on execution
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\fB1\fR000 sticky bit, (see \fIchmod\fR\|(2) for more information)
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.fi
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.SS Symbolic Modes
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.LP
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A symbolic \fImode\fP has the form:
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.IP
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[ \fIwho\fP ] \fIop permission\fP [ \fIop permission\fP ]\fB.\|.\|.\fP
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.LP
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\fIwho\fP is a combination of:
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.ta +.5i
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.nf
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\fBu\fP user's permissions
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\fBg\fP group permissions
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\fBo\fP others
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\fBa\fP all, or \fBugo\fP
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.fi
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.IP
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If \fIwho\fR is omitted, the default is \fBa\fP,
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but the setting of the file creation mask (see \fIumask\fR in
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.IR sh (1)
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or
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.IR csh (1)
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for more information) is taken into account. When
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.I who
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is omitted,
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.I chmod
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will not override the restrictions of your user mask.
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.LP
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\fIop\fP is one of:
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.ta +.5i
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.nf
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\fB+\fP to add the \fIpermission\fP
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\fB\-\fP to remove the \fIpermission\fP
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\fB=\fP to assign the permission explicitly (all other bits for that category, owner, group, or others, will be reset).
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.fi
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.LP
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\fIpermission\fP is any combination of:
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.ta +.5i
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.nf
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\fBr\fP read
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\fBw\fP write
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\fBx\fP execute
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\fBX\fP give execute permission if the file is a directory or if there is execute permission for one of the other user classes
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\fBs\fP set owner- or group-ID. This is only useful with \fBu\fP or \fBg\fP.
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\fBt\fP set the sticky bit to save program text between processes.
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.fi
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.IP
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The letters \fBu\fP, \fBg\fP, or \fBo\fP indicate that \fIpermission\fP
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is to be taken from the current mode for the user-class.
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.IP
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Omitting \fIpermission\fP
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is only useful with \fB=\fP, to take away all permissions.
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.LP
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Multiple symbolic modes, separated by commas, may be given.
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Operations are performed in the order specified.
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.SH SYSTEM V DESCRIPTION
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If
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.I who
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is omitted in a symbolic mode, it does not take the file creation mask into
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account, but acts as if
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.I who
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were
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.BR a .
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The
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.B \-f
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and
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.B \-R
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flags do not apply.
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.SH OPTIONS
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.TP
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.B \-f
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Force.
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.I chmod
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will not complain if it fails to change the mode of a file.
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.TP
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.B \-R
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recursively descend through directory arguments,
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setting the mode for each file as described above.
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.SH EXAMPLES
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The first example denies write permission to others,
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the second makes a file executable by all if it is executable by anyone:
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.IP
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\fLchmod o\-w file
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.br
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chmod +X file\fR
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.SH "SEE ALSO"
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ls(1), sh(1), csh(1), chmod(2), chown(8)
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