(DEFINE-FILE-INFO PACKAGE "INTERLISP" READTABLE "INTERLISP" BASE 10)

(FILECREATED "16-May-90 13:19:59" {DSK}<usr>local>lde>lispcore>sources>CMLFORMAT.;2
 79148  

      changes to%:  (VARS CMLFORMATCOMS)

      previous date%: " 5-Apr-89 14:15:38" {DSK}<usr>local>lde>lispcore>sources>CMLFORMAT.;1)


(* ; "
Copyright (c) 1986, 1987, 1988, 1989, 1990 by Venue & Xerox Corporation.  All rights reserved.
")

(PRETTYCOMPRINT CMLFORMATCOMS)

(RPAQQ CMLFORMATCOMS

       (
        (* ;; "The FORMAT facility")


        (STRUCTURES FORMAT-ERROR)
        (FUNCTIONS MAKE-DISPATCH-VECTOR SCALE-EXPONENT SCALE-EXPT-AUX)
        (FUNCTIONS FORMAT-ERROR)
        (VARIABLES *DIGIT-STRING* *DIGITS*)
        (FUNCTIONS FLONUM-TO-STRING FORMAT-WITH-CONTROL-STRING FORMAT-STRINGIFY-OUTPUT POP-FORMAT-ARG
               WITH-FORMAT-PARAMETERS NEXTCHAR FORMAT-PEEK FORMAT-FIND-CHAR)
        (FUNCTIONS FORMAT-GET-PARAMETER PARSE-FORMAT-OPERATION FORMAT-FIND-COMMAND CL:FORMAT 
               SUB-FORMAT FORMAT-CAPITALIZATION FORMAT-ESCAPE FORMAT-SEMICOLON-ERROR 
               FORMAT-UNTAGGED-CONDITION FORMAT-FUNNY-CONDITION FORMAT-BOOLEAN-CONDITION 
               FORMAT-CONDITION FORMAT-ITERATION FORMAT-DO-ITERATION FORMAT-GET-TRAILING-SEGMENTS 
               FORMAT-GET-SEGMENTS MAKE-PAD-SEGS FORMAT-ROUND-COLUMNS FORMAT-JUSTIFICATION 
               FORMAT-TERPRI FORMAT-FRESHLINE FORMAT-PAGE FORMAT-TILDE FORMAT-EAT-WHITESPACE 
               FORMAT-NEWLINE FORMAT-PLURAL FORMAT-SKIP-ARGUMENTS FORMAT-INDIRECTION FORMAT-TAB 
               FORMAT-PRINC FORMAT-PRIN1 FORMAT-PRINT-CHARACTER FORMAT-PRINT-NAMED-CHARACTER 
               FORMAT-ADD-COMMAS FORMAT-WRITE-FIELD FORMAT-PRINT-NUMBER FORMAT-PRINT-SMALL-CARDINAL 
               FORMAT-PRINT-CARDINAL FORMAT-PRINT-CARDINAL-AUX FORMAT-PRINT-ORDINAL 
               FORMAT-PRINT-OLD-ROMAN FORMAT-PRINT-ROMAN FORMAT-PRINT-DECIMAL FORMAT-PRINT-BINARY 
               FORMAT-PRINT-OCTAL FORMAT-PRINT-HEXADECIMAL FORMAT-PRINT-RADIX FORMAT-PRINT-RADIX-AUX
               FORMAT-FIXED FORMAT-FIXED-AUX FORMAT-EXPONENTIAL FORMAT-EXPONENT-MARKER FORMAT-EXP-AUX
               FORMAT-GENERAL-FLOAT FORMAT-GENERAL-AUX FORMAT-DOLLARS)
        (FUNCTIONS CHARPOS WHITESPACE-CHAR-P)
        (FUNCTIONS NAME-ARRAY)
        (VARIABLES *FORMAT-ARGUMENTS* *FORMAT-CONTROL-STRING* *FORMAT-DISPATCH-TABLE* *FORMAT-INDEX*
               *FORMAT-LENGTH* *FORMAT-ORIGINAL-ARGUMENTS* CARDINAL-ONES CARDINAL-TENS CARDINAL-TEENS
               CARDINAL-PERIODS ORDINAL-ONES ORDINAL-TENS)
        (DECLARE%: DONTEVAL@LOAD DOEVAL@COMPILE DONTCOPY COMPILERVARS (ADDVARS (NLAMA)
                                                                             (NLAML)
                                                                             (LAMA)))
        
        (* ;; "Arrange to use the correct compiler.")


        (PROP FILETYPE CMLFORMAT)))



(* ;; "The FORMAT facility")



(DEFINE-CONDITION FORMAT-ERROR
 (CL:ERROR)
   (ARGS)
   [:REPORT (CL:LAMBDA (CONDITION *STANDARD-OUTPUT*)
                   (CL:FORMAT T "~%%~:{~@?~%%~}" (FORMAT-ERROR-ARGS CONDITION])

(DEFMACRO MAKE-DISPATCH-VECTOR
 (&BODY ENTRIES)

   (* ;; "Hairy dispatch-table initialization macro. Takes a list of two-element lists (<character> <function-object>) and returns a vector char-code-limit elements in length, where the Ith element is the function associated with the character with char-code I. If the character is case-convertible, it must be given in only one case however, an entry in the vector will be made for both.")


   [LET ((ENTRIES (CL:MAPCAN #'[CL:LAMBDA (X)
                                      (LET [(LOWER (CL:CHAR-DOWNCASE (CAR X)))
                                            (UPPER (CL:CHAR-UPCASE (CAR X]
                                           (CL:IF (CL:CHAR= LOWER UPPER)
                                               (LIST X)
                                               (LIST (CONS UPPER (CDR X))
                                                     (CONS LOWER (CDR X))))]
                         ENTRIES)))
        (CL:DO ([ENTRIES (SORT ENTRIES #'(CL:LAMBDA (X Y)
                                                (CL:CHAR< (CAR X)
                                                       (CAR Y]
                (CHARIDX 0 (CL:1+ CHARIDX))
                (COMTAB NIL (CONS (CL:IF ENTRIES
                                      (CL:IF (= (CL:CHAR-CODE (CAAR ENTRIES))
                                                CHARIDX)
                                          (CADR (pop
 ENTRIES))
                                          NIL)
                                      NIL)
                                  COMTAB)))
               [(= CHARIDX 256)
                (CL:IF ENTRIES (CL:ERROR "Garbage in dispatch vector - ~S" ENTRIES))
                `(CL:MAKE-ARRAY '(256)
                        :ELEMENT-TYPE T :INITIAL-CONTENTS ',(CL:NREVERSE COMTAB])])

(CL:DEFUN SCALE-EXPONENT
 (X)
   (SCALE-EXPT-AUX X 0.0 1.0 10.0 0.1 (CONSTANT (CL:LOG 2.0 10.0))))

(CL:DEFUN SCALE-EXPT-AUX
 (X ZERO ONE TEN ONE-TENTH LOG10-OF-2)
   [CL:MULTIPLE-VALUE-BIND (SIG EXPONENT)
          (CL:DECODE-FLOAT X)
          (DECLARE
 (IGNORE SIG))
          (CL:IF (= X ZERO)
              (CL:VALUES ZERO 1)
              [LET* [(E (ROUND (CL:* EXPONENT LOG10-OF-2)))
                     (NEWX (CL:IF (MINUSP E)
                               (CL:* X TEN (CL:EXPT TEN (- -1 E)))
                               (/ X TEN (CL:EXPT TEN (CL:1- E))))]
                    (CL:DO ((D TEN (CL:* D TEN))
                            (Y NEWX (/ NEWX D))
                            (E E (CL:1+ E)))
                           [(< Y ONE)
                            (CL:DO ((M TEN (CL:* M TEN))
                                    (Z Y (CL:* Z M))
                                    (E E (CL:1- E)))
                                   ((>= Z ONE-TENTH)
                                    (CL:VALUES (/ X (CL:EXPT 10 E))
                                           E)))])])])

(CL:DEFUN FORMAT-ERROR
 (COMPLAINT &REST FORMAT-ARGS)
   [CL:ERROR 'FORMAT-ERROR :ARGS (LIST (LIST "~?~%%~S~%%~V@T^" COMPLAINT FORMAT-ARGS 
                                             *FORMAT-CONTROL-STRING* (CL:1+ *FORMAT-INDEX*])

(CL:DEFVAR *DIGIT-STRING*
 (CL:MAKE-ARRAY 50 :ELEMENT-TYPE 'CL:STRING-CHAR :FILL-POINTER 0 
                                     :ADJUSTABLE T))

(CL:DEFCONSTANT *DIGITS*
 "0123456789")

(CL:DEFUN FLONUM-TO-STRING
 (X &OPTIONAL WIDTH DECPLACES SCALE FMIN)

   (* ;; "Returns FIVE values: a string of digits with one decimal point, the string's length, T if the point is at the front, T if the point is at the end,  the index of the point in the string")


   (CL:IF (ZEROP X)
       (CL:VALUES "." 1 T T)
       [LET* ((REALDP (COND
                         (DECPLACES (CL:IF FMIN
                                        (MAX DECPLACES FMIN)
                                        DECPLACES))
                         (FMIN)))
              [ROUND (COND
                        [REALDP                              (* ; 

                             "Foo! Compute rounding place based on size of number and scale factor")

                               (MIN 9 (+ (DIGITSBDP X)
                                         REALDP
                                         (OR SCALE 0]
                        (WIDTH (MAX 1 (MIN 9 (CL:1- WIDTH]
              MANTSTR INTEXP)
             (CL:MULTIPLE-VALUE-SETQ (MANTSTR INTEXP)
                    (FLTSTR X ROUND))
             (CL:IF SCALE (CL:INCF INTEXP SCALE))

             (* ;; 

       "OK, now copy the digit string into *digit-string* with the decimal point set appropriately")


             (CL:MACROLET [(STRPUT (C)
                                  `(CL:VECTOR-PUSH-EXTEND ,C *DIGIT-STRING*]
                    (LET* ((DIGITS (CL:LENGTH MANTSTR))
                           (INDEX -1)
                           (POINTPLACE (+ DIGITS INTEXP))
                           DECPNT)

                          (* ;; "MANTSTR may have more digits than necessary; prune off its zeros. Doing this will lose if X is zero.")


                          (IF
 (NOT (ZEROP X))
                              THEN
 (WHILE
 (AND (CL:PLUSP DIGITS)
                                                       (CL:CHAR= (CL:CHAR MANTSTR (CL:1- DIGITS))
                                                              #\0)) DO
 (CL:DECF DIGITS)
                                                                          (CL:INCF INTEXP)))
                          (CL:SETF (CL:FILL-POINTER *DIGIT-STRING*)
                                 0)
                          [COND
                             ((NOT (CL:PLUSP POINTPLACE))    (* ; " .<digits>")

                              (STRPUT #\.)
                              (CL:DOTIMES (I (- POINTPLACE))
                                  (STRPUT #\0))
                              (CL:DOTIMES (I DIGITS)
                                  (STRPUT (CL:CHAR MANTSTR I)))
                              (SETQ DECPNT 0))
                             ((MINUSP INTEXP)                (* ; "<digits>.<digits>")

                              (CL:DOTIMES (I POINTPLACE)
                                  (STRPUT (CL:CHAR MANTSTR (CL:INCF INDEX))))
                              (STRPUT #\.)
                              (CL:DOTIMES (I (- INTEXP))
                                  (STRPUT (CL:CHAR MANTSTR (CL:INCF INDEX))))
                              (SETQ DECPNT (+ DIGITS INTEXP)))
                             (T                              (* ; "<digits>00.")

                                (CL:DOTIMES (I DIGITS)
                                    (STRPUT (CL:CHAR MANTSTR I)))
                                (CL:DOTIMES (I INTEXP)
                                    (STRPUT #\0))
                                (STRPUT #\.)
                                (SETQ DECPNT (+ DIGITS INTEXP]
                          (SETQ DIGITS (CL:1- (CL:LENGTH *DIGIT-STRING*)))
                          (IF
 DECPLACES
                              THEN
 

                                    (* ;; "Need extra 0s to get enough decimal places")


                                    (CL:DOTIMES (I (- DECPLACES (- DIGITS DECPNT)))
                                        (STRPUT #\0)
                                        (CL:INCF DIGITS)))
                          (CL:VALUES *DIGIT-STRING* (CL:1+ DIGITS)
                                 (= DECPNT 0)
                                 (= DECPNT DIGITS)
                                 DECPNT]))

(DEFMACRO FORMAT-WITH-CONTROL-STRING
 (CONTROL-STRING &BODY FORMS)

   (* ;; "This macro establishes the correct environment for processing an indirect control string. CONTROL-STRING is the string to process, and FORMS are the forms to do the processing. They invariably will involve a call to SUB-FORMAT.  CONTROL-STRING is guaranteed to be evaluated exactly once.")


   `[LET ((STRING ,CONTROL-STRING))
         (CONDITION-CASE (LET ((*FORMAT-CONTROL-STRING* STRING)
                               (*FORMAT-LENGTH* (CL:LENGTH STRING))
                               (*FORMAT-INDEX* 0))
                              ,@FORMS)
                (FORMAT-ERROR (C)
                       (CL:ERROR 'FORMAT-ERROR :ARGS (CONS (LIST 
                                              "While processing indirect control string~%%~S~%%~V@T^"
                                                                 *FORMAT-CONTROL-STRING* (CL:1+
                                                                                          
                                                                                       *FORMAT-INDEX*
                                                                                          ))
                                                           (FORMAT-ERROR-ARGS C])

(DEFMACRO FORMAT-STRINGIFY-OUTPUT
 (&BODY FORMS)

   (* ;; "This macro collects output to the standard output stream in a string.  It used to try to avoid consing new string streams if possible.")


   `(CL:WITH-OUTPUT-TO-STRING (*STANDARD-OUTPUT*)
           ,@FORMS))

(DEFMACRO POP-FORMAT-ARG
 ()

   (* ;; "Pops an argument from the current argument list.  This is either the list of arguments given to the top-level call to FORMAT, or the argument list for the current iteration in a ~{~} construct.  An error is signalled if the argument list is empty.  *")


   '(CL:IF *FORMAT-ARGUMENTS*
        (CL:POP *FORMAT-ARGUMENTS*)
        (FORMAT-ERROR "Missing argument")))

(DEFMACRO WITH-FORMAT-PARAMETERS
 (PARMVAR PARMDEFS &BODY FORMS)

   (* ;; "This macro decomposes the argument list returned by PARSE-FORMAT-OPERATION. PARMVAR is the list of parameters. PARMDEFS is a list of lists of the form (<var> <default>) . The FORMS are evaluated in an environment where each <var> is bound to either the value of the parameter supplied in the parameter list, or to its <default> value if the parameter was omitted or explicitly defaulted.")


   `(LET ,[FOR
 PARMDEF IN
 PARMDEFS COLLECT
 `(,(CL:FIRST PARMDEF)
                                                         (OR (CL:IF ,PARMVAR
                                                                 (POP
 ,PARMVAR))
                                                             ,(CL:SECOND PARMDEF]
         (CL:WHEN ,PARMVAR (FORMAT-ERROR "Too many parameters"))
         ,@FORMS))

(DEFMACRO NEXTCHAR
 ()

   (* ;; "Gets the next character from the current control string.  It is an error if there is none.  Leave *format-index* pointing to the character returned.  *")


   '(CL:IF (< (CL:INCF *FORMAT-INDEX*)
              *FORMAT-LENGTH*)
        (CL:CHAR *FORMAT-CONTROL-STRING* *FORMAT-INDEX*)
        (FORMAT-ERROR "Syntax error")))

(DEFMACRO FORMAT-PEEK
 ()

   (* ;; "Returns the current character, i.e.  the one pointed to by *format-index*.")


   '(CL:CHAR *FORMAT-CONTROL-STRING* *FORMAT-INDEX*))

(DEFMACRO FORMAT-FIND-CHAR
 (CHAR START END)

   (* ;; "Returns the index of the first occurrence of the specified character between indices START (inclusive) and END (exclusive) in the control string.")


   `(CL:POSITION ,CHAR *FORMAT-CONTROL-STRING* :START ,START :END ,END :TEST 'CL:CHAR=))

(CL:DEFUN FORMAT-GET-PARAMETER
 ()

   (* ;; "Attempts to parse a parameter, starting at the current index.  Returns the value of the parameter, or NIL if none is found.  On exit, *format-index* points to the first character which is not a part of the recognized parameter.")


   (LET [(NUMSIGN (CASE (FORMAT-PEEK)
                      (#\+ 
                         (NEXTCHAR)
                         NIL)
                      (#\- 
                         (NEXTCHAR)
                         T)
                      (T NIL))]
        (CASE (FORMAT-PEEK)
            (#\# 
               (NEXTCHAR)
               (CL:LENGTH *FORMAT-ARGUMENTS*))
            ((#\V #\v) (PROG1 (POP-FORMAT-ARG)
                              (NEXTCHAR)))
            (#\' (PROG1 (NEXTCHAR)
                        (NEXTCHAR)))
            ((#\0 #\1 #\2 #\3 #\4 #\5 #\6 #\7 #\8 #\9) (CL:DO* [(CL:NUMBER (CL:DIGIT-CHAR-P (
                                                                                          FORMAT-PEEK
                                                                                             ))
                                                                       (+ (CL:* 10 CL:NUMBER)
                                                                          (CL:DIGIT-CHAR-P (
                                                                                          FORMAT-PEEK
                                                                                            ]
                                                               ((NOT (CL:DIGIT-CHAR-P (NEXTCHAR)))
                                                                (CL:IF NUMSIGN
                                                                    (- CL:NUMBER)
                                                                    CL:NUMBER))))
            (T NIL))))

(CL:DEFUN PARSE-FORMAT-OPERATION
 ()
   
                                                      (* amd " 1-May-86 14:33")


   (* ;; "Parses a format directive, including flags and parameters.  On entry, *format-index* should point to the '~' preceding the command.  On exit, *format-index* points to the command character itself.  Returns the list of parameters, the ':' flag, the '@' flag, and the command character as multiple values.  Explicitly defaulted parameters appear in the list of parameters as NIL.  Omitted parameters are simply not included in the list at all.  *")


   (LET ((CH (NEXTCHAR))
         PARMS COLON ATSIGN)

        (* ;; "First get the parameters")


        (SETQ PARMS (CL:IF (OR (CL:DIGIT-CHAR-P CH)
                               (CL:MEMBER CH '(#\, #\# #\V #\v #\')
                                      :TEST
                                      (FUNCTION CL:CHAR=)))
                        (CL:DO ((PARMS (LIST (FORMAT-GET-PARAMETER))
                                       (CONS (FORMAT-GET-PARAMETER)
                                             PARMS)))
                               ((CL:CHAR/= (FORMAT-PEEK)
                                       #\,)
                                (CL:NREVERSE PARMS))
                            (NEXTCHAR))
                        'NIL))

        (* ;; "Then check for : and @ (not necessarily in that order)")


        [CL:LOOP (CASE (FORMAT-PEEK)
                     (#\: (CL:IF COLON
                              (RETURN NIL)
                              (SETQ COLON (NEXTCHAR))))
                     (#\@ (CL:IF ATSIGN
                              (RETURN NIL)
                              (SETQ ATSIGN (NEXTCHAR))))
                     (T (RETURN NIL)))]
        (CL:VALUES PARMS COLON ATSIGN (FORMAT-PEEK))))

(CL:DEFUN FORMAT-FIND-COMMAND
 (COMMAND-LIST)

   (* ;; "Starting at the current value of *format-index*, finds the first occurrence of one of the specified directives.  Embedded constructs, i.e.  those inside ~ (~) %%, ~[~], ~{~}, or ~<~>, are ignored.  And error is signalled if no satisfactory command is found.  Otherwise, the following are returned as multiple values: The value of *format-index* at the start of the search The index of the '~' character preceding the command The parameter list of the command The ':' flag The '@' flag The command character Implementation note: The present implementation is not particulary careful with storage allocation.  It would be a good idea to have a separate function for skipping embedded constructs which did not bother to cons parameter lists and then throw them away.  We go to some trouble here to use POSITION for most of the searching.")


   [LET ((START *FORMAT-INDEX*))
        (CL:DO ((PLACE START *FORMAT-INDEX*)
                (TILDE (FORMAT-FIND-CHAR #\~ START *FORMAT-LENGTH*)
                       (FORMAT-FIND-CHAR #\~ PLACE *FORMAT-LENGTH*)))
               ((NOT TILDE)
                (FORMAT-ERROR "Expecting one of ~S" COMMAND-LIST))
            (SETQ *FORMAT-INDEX* TILDE)
            [CL:MULTIPLE-VALUE-BIND (PARMS COLON ATSIGN COMMAND)
                   (PARSE-FORMAT-OPERATION)
                   (CL:WHEN (MEMBER COMMAND COMMAND-LIST :TEST (FUNCTION CL:CHAR=))
                       (RETURN (CL:VALUES START TILDE PARMS COLON ATSIGN COMMAND)))
                   NIL
                   (CASE COMMAND
                       (#\{ 
                          (NEXTCHAR)
                          (FORMAT-FIND-COMMAND '(#\})))
                       (#\< 
                          (NEXTCHAR)
                          (FORMAT-FIND-COMMAND '(#\>)))
                       (#\( 
                          (NEXTCHAR)
                          (FORMAT-FIND-COMMAND '(#\))))
                       (#\[ 
                          (NEXTCHAR)
                          (FORMAT-FIND-COMMAND '(#\])))
                       ((#\} #\> #\) #\]) (FORMAT-ERROR "No matching bracket")))])])

(CL:DEFUN CL:FORMAT
 (CL::DESTINATION CL::CONTROL-STRING &REST CL::FORMAT-ARGUMENTS)
   [LET ((*FORMAT-ORIGINAL-ARGUMENTS* CL::FORMAT-ARGUMENTS)
         (*FORMAT-ARGUMENTS* CL::FORMAT-ARGUMENTS)
         (*FORMAT-CONTROL-STRING* CL::CONTROL-STRING))
        (CL:MACROLET [(CL::WITH-FORMAT-ESCAPES (&BODY CL::BODY)
                             `(CL:CATCH 'FORMAT-ESCAPE
                                  (CL:CATCH 'FORMAT-COLON-ESCAPE ,@CL::BODY))]
               (COND
                  [(NOT CL::DESTINATION)
                   (FORMAT-STRINGIFY-OUTPUT (CL::WITH-FORMAT-ESCAPES (SUB-FORMAT 0 (CL:LENGTH 
                                                                                   CL::CONTROL-STRING
                                                                                          ]
                  ((CL:STRINGP CL::DESTINATION)
                   [CL:WITH-OUTPUT-TO-STRING (*STANDARD-OUTPUT* CL::DESTINATION)
                          (CL::WITH-FORMAT-ESCAPES (SUB-FORMAT 0 (CL:LENGTH CL::CONTROL-STRING]
                   NIL)
                  (T (LET [(*STANDARD-OUTPUT* (CL:IF (EQ CL::DESTINATION T)
                                                  *STANDARD-OUTPUT*

                                                  (* ;; " FORMAT extension - IL:DESTINATION may be anything that IL:GETSTREAM can coerce into being a stream")


                                                  (GETSTREAM CL::DESTINATION 'OUTPUT))]
                          (CL::WITH-FORMAT-ESCAPES (SUB-FORMAT 0 (CL:LENGTH CL::CONTROL-STRING)))
                          NIL])

(CL:DEFUN SUB-FORMAT
 (START END)

   (* ;; "This function does the real work of format.  The segment of the control string between indiced START (inclusive) and END (exclusive) is processed as follows: Text not part of a directive is output without further processing.  Directives are parsed along with their parameters and flags, and the appropriate handlers invoked with the arguments COLON, ATSIGN, and PARMS.  Implementation Note: FORMAT-FIND-CHAR uses the POSITION stream operation for speed.  This is potentially faster than character-at-a-time searching.")


   [LET ((*FORMAT-INDEX* START)
         (*FORMAT-LENGTH* END))
        (DECLARE
 (CL:SPECIAL *FORMAT-INDEX* *FORMAT-LENGTH*))
        (CL:DO* ((PLACE START *FORMAT-INDEX*)
                 (TILDE (FORMAT-FIND-CHAR #\~ START END)
                        (FORMAT-FIND-CHAR #\~ PLACE END)))
                ((NOT TILDE)
                 (WRITE-STRING* *FORMAT-CONTROL-STRING* *STANDARD-OUTPUT* PLACE END))
            (CL:WHEN (> TILDE PLACE)
                   (WRITE-STRING* *FORMAT-CONTROL-STRING* *STANDARD-OUTPUT* PLACE TILDE))
            (SETQ *FORMAT-INDEX* TILDE)
            [CL:MULTIPLE-VALUE-BIND (PARMS COLON ATSIGN COMMAND)
                   (PARSE-FORMAT-OPERATION)
                   (LET [(CMDFUN (CL:AREF *FORMAT-DISPATCH-TABLE* (CL:CHAR-CODE COMMAND]
                        (CL:IF CMDFUN
                            (CL:FUNCALL CMDFUN COLON ATSIGN PARMS)
                            (FORMAT-ERROR "Illegal FORMAT command ~~~C" COMMAND))]
            (CL:UNLESS (< (CL:INCF *FORMAT-INDEX*)
                          END)
                   (RETURN)))])

(CL:DEFUN FORMAT-CAPITALIZATION
 (COLON ATSIGN PARMS)

   (* ;; "Capitalize ~(")


   (CL:WHEN PARMS (FORMAT-ERROR "No parameters allowed to ~~("))
   (NEXTCHAR)
   [CL:MULTIPLE-VALUE-BIND (PREV TILDE END-PARMS END-COLON END-ATSIGN)
          (FORMAT-FIND-COMMAND '(#\)))
          (CL:WHEN (OR END-PARMS END-COLON END-ATSIGN)
                 (FORMAT-ERROR "Flags or parameters not allowed"))
          (LET* [(ESCAPE NIL)
                 (STRING (FORMAT-STRINGIFY-OUTPUT (SETQ ESCAPE 'FORMAT-COLON-ESCAPE)
                                (CL:CATCH 'FORMAT-COLON-ESCAPE
                                    (LET ((SUB-ESCAPE 'FORMAT-ESCAPE))
                                         (CL:CATCH 'FORMAT-ESCAPE
                                             (SUB-FORMAT PREV TILDE)
                                             (SETQ SUB-ESCAPE NIL))
                                         (CL:SETQ ESCAPE SUB-ESCAPE)))]
                [WRITE-STRING* (COND
                                  ((AND ATSIGN COLON)
                                   (CL:NSTRING-UPCASE STRING))
                                  (COLON (CL:NSTRING-CAPITALIZE STRING))
                                  [ATSIGN                    (* ; "Capitalize the first word only")

                                         (LET ((STRLEN (CL:LENGTH STRING)))
                                              (CL:NSTRING-DOWNCASE STRING)
                                              (CL:DO ((I 0 (CL:1+ I)))
                                                     ((OR (<= STRLEN I)
                                                          (CL:ALPHA-CHAR-P (CL:CHAR STRING I)))
                                                      (CL:SETF (CL:CHAR STRING I)
                                                             (CL:CHAR-UPCASE (CL:CHAR STRING I)))
                                                      STRING))]
                                  (T (CL:NSTRING-DOWNCASE STRING]
                (AND ESCAPE (CL:THROW ESCAPE NIL])

(CL:DEFUN FORMAT-ESCAPE
 (COLON ATSIGN PARMS)

   (* ;; "Up and Out (Escape) ~^")


   (CL:WHEN ATSIGN (FORMAT-ERROR "FORMAT command ~~~:[~;:~]@^ is undefined" COLON))
   (CL:WHEN (CL:IF (CL:FIRST PARMS)
                (CL:IF (CL:SECOND PARMS)
                    (CL:IF (CL:THIRD PARMS)
                        (CL:TYPECASE (CL:SECOND PARMS)
                            (INTEGER (<= (CL:FIRST PARMS)
                                         (CL:SECOND PARMS)
                                         (CL:THIRD PARMS)))
                            (CL:CHARACTER (CL:CHAR< (CL:FIRST PARMS)
                                                 (CL:SECOND PARMS)
                                                 (CL:THIRD PARMS)))
                            (T NIL))
                        (EQUAL (CL:FIRST PARMS)
                               (CL:SECOND PARMS)))
                    (ZEROP (CL:FIRST PARMS)))
                (NOT *FORMAT-ARGUMENTS*))
       (CL:THROW (CL:IF COLON
                     'FORMAT-COLON-ESCAPE
                     'FORMAT-ESCAPE)
              NIL)))

(CL:DEFUN FORMAT-SEMICOLON-ERROR
 (COLON ATSIGN PARAMS)
   (DECLARE
 (IGNORE COLON ATSIGN PARAMS))
   (FORMAT-ERROR "Unexpected semicolon (probably a missing ~~ somewhere)."))

(CL:DEFUN FORMAT-UNTAGGED-CONDITION
 ()

   (* ;; "~[")


   [LET ((TEST (POP-FORMAT-ARG)))
        (CL:UNLESS (CL:INTEGERP TEST)
               (FORMAT-ERROR "Argument to ~~[ must be integer - ~S" TEST))
        (CL:DO ((CL:COUNT 0 (CL:1+ CL:COUNT)))
               [(= CL:COUNT TEST)
                (CL:MULTIPLE-VALUE-BIND (PREV TILDE PARMS COLON ATSIGN CMD)
                       (FORMAT-FIND-COMMAND '(#\; #\]))
                       (DECLARE
 (IGNORE COLON))
                       (CL:WHEN ATSIGN (FORMAT-ERROR "Atsign flag not allowed"))
                       (CL:WHEN PARMS (FORMAT-ERROR "No parameters allowed"))
                       (SUB-FORMAT PREV TILDE)
                       (CL:UNLESS (CL:CHAR= CMD #\])
                           (FORMAT-FIND-COMMAND '(#\])))]
            (CL:MULTIPLE-VALUE-BIND (PREV TILDE PARMS COLON ATSIGN CMD)
                   (FORMAT-FIND-COMMAND '(#\; #\]))
                   (DECLARE
 (IGNORE PREV TILDE))
                   (CL:WHEN ATSIGN (FORMAT-ERROR "Atsign flag not allowed"))
                   (CL:WHEN PARMS (FORMAT-ERROR "Parameters not allowed"))
                   (CL:WHEN (CL:CHAR= CMD #\])
                          (RETURN))
                   (CL:WHEN COLON
                       (NEXTCHAR)
                       [CL:MULTIPLE-VALUE-BIND (PREV TILDE PARMS COLON ATSIGN CMD)
                              (FORMAT-FIND-COMMAND '(#\; #\]))
                              (DECLARE
 (IGNORE PARMS COLON ATSIGN))
                              (SUB-FORMAT PREV TILDE)
                              (CL:UNLESS (CL:CHAR= CMD #\])
                                  (FORMAT-FIND-COMMAND '(#\])))]
                       (RETURN))
                   (NEXTCHAR)))])

(CL:DEFUN FORMAT-FUNNY-CONDITION
 ()

   (* ;; "~@[ ")


   (CL:MULTIPLE-VALUE-BIND (PREV TILDE PARMS COLON ATSIGN)
          (FORMAT-FIND-COMMAND '(#\]))
          (CL:WHEN (OR COLON ATSIGN PARMS)
                 (FORMAT-ERROR "Flags or arguments not allowed"))
          (CL:IF *FORMAT-ARGUMENTS*
              (CL:IF (CAR *FORMAT-ARGUMENTS*)
                  (SUB-FORMAT PREV TILDE)
                  (CL:POP *FORMAT-ARGUMENTS*))
              (FORMAT-ERROR "Missing argument"))))

(CL:DEFUN FORMAT-BOOLEAN-CONDITION
 ()

   (* ;; "~:[")


   [CL:MULTIPLE-VALUE-BIND (PREV TILDE PARMS COLON ATSIGN)
          (FORMAT-FIND-COMMAND '(#\;))
          (CL:WHEN (OR PARMS COLON ATSIGN)
                 (FORMAT-ERROR "Flags or parameters not allowed"))
          (NEXTCHAR)
          (CL:IF (POP-FORMAT-ARG)
              (CL:MULTIPLE-VALUE-BIND (PREV TILDE PARMS COLON ATSIGN)
                     (FORMAT-FIND-COMMAND '(#\]))
                     (CL:WHEN (OR COLON ATSIGN PARMS)
                            (FORMAT-ERROR "Flags or parameters not allowed"))
                     (SUB-FORMAT PREV TILDE))
              [PROGN (SUB-FORMAT PREV TILDE)
                     (FORMAT-FIND-COMMAND '(#\]])])

(CL:DEFUN FORMAT-CONDITION
 (COLON ATSIGN PARMS)
   (CL:WHEN PARMS
       (CL:PUSH (POP
 PARMS)
              *FORMAT-ARGUMENTS*)
       (CL:UNLESS (NULL PARMS)
              (FORMAT-ERROR "Too many parameters to ~[")))
   (NEXTCHAR)
   (COND
      (COLON (CL:WHEN ATSIGN (FORMAT-ERROR "~~:@[ undefined"))
             (FORMAT-BOOLEAN-CONDITION))
      (ATSIGN (FORMAT-FUNNY-CONDITION))
      (T (FORMAT-UNTAGGED-CONDITION))))

(CL:DEFUN FORMAT-ITERATION
 (COLON ATSIGN PARMS)

   (* ;; "Iteration ~{ ... ~}")


   [WITH-FORMAT-PARAMETERS PARMS ((MAX-ITER -1))
          (NEXTCHAR)
          (CL:MULTIPLE-VALUE-BIND (PREV TILDE END-PARMS END-COLON END-ATSIGN)
                 (FORMAT-FIND-COMMAND '(#\}))
                 (CL:WHEN (OR END-ATSIGN END-PARMS)
                        (FORMAT-ERROR "Illegal terminator for ~~{"))
                 (CL:IF (= PREV TILDE)
                     (LET ((STRING (POP-FORMAT-ARG)))

                          (* ;; "Use an argument as the control string if ~{~} is empty")


                          (CL:UNLESS (CL:STRINGP STRING)
                                 (FORMAT-ERROR "Control string is not a string"))
                          (FORMAT-WITH-CONTROL-STRING STRING (FORMAT-DO-ITERATION 0 *FORMAT-LENGTH* 
                                                                    MAX-ITER COLON ATSIGN END-COLON))
                          )
                     (FORMAT-DO-ITERATION PREV TILDE MAX-ITER COLON ATSIGN END-COLON))])

(CL:DEFUN FORMAT-DO-ITERATION
 (START END MAX-ITER COLON ATSIGN AT-LEAST-ONCE-P)

   (* ;; "The two catch tags FORMAT-ESCAPE and FORMAT-COLON-ESCAPE are needed here to correctly implement ~^ and ~:^.  The former aborts only the current iteration, but the latter aborts the entire iteration process.  *")


   (CL:CATCH 'FORMAT-COLON-ESCAPE
       (CL:CATCH 'FORMAT-ESCAPE
           (CL:IF ATSIGN
               (CL:DO ((CL:COUNT 0 (CL:1+ CL:COUNT)))
                      [(OR (= CL:COUNT MAX-ITER)
                           (AND (NULL *FORMAT-ARGUMENTS*)
                                (CL:IF (= CL:COUNT 0)
                                    (NOT AT-LEAST-ONCE-P)
                                    T)]
                   (CL:CATCH 'FORMAT-ESCAPE
                       (CL:IF COLON
                           (LET* ((*ORIGINAL-ARGUMENTS* (POP-FORMAT-ARG))
                                  (*FORMAT-ARGUMENTS* *ORIGINAL-ARGUMENTS*))
                                 (CL:UNLESS (CL:LISTP *FORMAT-ARGUMENTS*)
                                        (FORMAT-ERROR "Argument must be a list"))
                                 (SUB-FORMAT START END))
                           (SUB-FORMAT START END))))
               [LET* ((*ORIGINAL-ARGUMENTS* (POP-FORMAT-ARG))
                      (*FORMAT-ARGUMENTS* *ORIGINAL-ARGUMENTS*))
                     (CL:UNLESS (CL:LISTP *FORMAT-ARGUMENTS*)
                            (FORMAT-ERROR "Argument must be a list"))
                     (CL:DO ((CL:COUNT 0 (CL:1+ CL:COUNT)))
                            [(OR (= CL:COUNT MAX-ITER)
                                 (AND (NULL *FORMAT-ARGUMENTS*)
                                      (CL:IF (= CL:COUNT 0)
                                          (NOT AT-LEAST-ONCE-P)
                                          T)]
                         (CL:CATCH 'FORMAT-ESCAPE
                             (CL:IF COLON
                                 (LET* ((*ORIGINAL-ARGUMENTS* (POP-FORMAT-ARG))
                                        (*FORMAT-ARGUMENTS* *ORIGINAL-ARGUMENTS*))
                                       (CL:UNLESS (CL:LISTP *FORMAT-ARGUMENTS*)
                                              (FORMAT-ERROR "Argument must be a list of lists"))
                                       (SUB-FORMAT START END))
                                 (SUB-FORMAT START END))))]))))

(CL:DEFUN FORMAT-GET-TRAILING-SEGMENTS
 ()

   (* ;; "Parses a list of clauses delimited by ~ and terminated by ~>.  Recursively invoke SUB-FORMAT to process them, and return a list of the results, the length of this list, and the total number of characters in the strings composing the list.")


   (NEXTCHAR)
   [CL:MULTIPLE-VALUE-BIND (PREV TILDE COLON ATSIGN PARMS CMD)
          (FORMAT-FIND-COMMAND '(#\; #\>))
          (CL:WHEN COLON (FORMAT-ERROR "~~:; allowed only after first segment in ~~<"))
          (CL:WHEN (OR ATSIGN PARMS)
                 (FORMAT-ERROR "Flags and parameters not allowed"))
          (LET [(STR (CL:CATCH 'FORMAT-ESCAPE
                         (FORMAT-STRINGIFY-OUTPUT (SUB-FORMAT PREV TILDE)))]
               (CL:IF STR
                   (CL:IF (CL:CHAR= CMD #\;)
                       [CL:MULTIPLE-VALUE-BIND (SEGMENTS NUMSEGS NUMCHARS)
                              (FORMAT-GET-TRAILING-SEGMENTS)
                              (CL:VALUES (CONS STR SEGMENTS)
                                     (CL:1+ NUMSEGS)
                                     (+ NUMCHARS (CL:LENGTH STR]
                       (CL:VALUES (LIST STR)
                              1
                              (CL:LENGTH STR)))
                   (CL:VALUES NIL 0 0))])

(CL:DEFUN FORMAT-GET-SEGMENTS
 ()

   (* ;; "Gets the first segment, which is treated specially.  Call FORMAT-GET-TRAILING-SEGMENTS to get the rest.")


   [CL:MULTIPLE-VALUE-BIND (PREV TILDE PARMS COLON ATSIGN CMD)
          (FORMAT-FIND-COMMAND '(#\; #\>))
          (CL:WHEN ATSIGN (FORMAT-ERROR "Atsign flag not allowed"))
          (LET [(FIRST-SEG (FORMAT-STRINGIFY-OUTPUT (SUB-FORMAT PREV TILDE]
               (CL:IF (CL:CHAR= CMD #\;)
                   [CL:MULTIPLE-VALUE-BIND (SEGMENTS NUMSEGS NUMCHARS)
                          (FORMAT-GET-TRAILING-SEGMENTS)
                          (CL:IF COLON
                              (CL:VALUES FIRST-SEG PARMS SEGMENTS NUMSEGS NUMCHARS)
                              (CL:VALUES NIL NIL (CONS FIRST-SEG SEGMENTS)
                                     (CL:1+ NUMSEGS)
                                     (+ (CL:LENGTH FIRST-SEG)
                                        NUMCHARS)))]
                   (CL:VALUES NIL NIL (LIST FIRST-SEG)
                          1
                          (CL:LENGTH FIRST-SEG)))])

(CL:DEFUN MAKE-PAD-SEGS
 (SPACES PADDINGS)

   (* ;; "Given the total number of SPACES needed for padding, and the number of padding segments needed (PADDINGS) , returns a list of such segments.  We try to allocate the spaces equally to each segment.  When this is not possible, we allocate the left-over spaces randomly, to improve the appearance of many successive lines of justified text.")


   (* ;; "Query: Is this right?  Perhaps consistency might be better for the kind of applications ~<~> is used for.")


   (CL:DO* ([EXTRA-SPACE NIL (AND (CL:PLUSP EXTRA-SPACES)
                                  (< (RAND 0 (FLOAT 1))
                                     (/ SEGS EXTRA-SPACES]
            (RESULT NIL (CONS (CL:IF EXTRA-SPACE
                                  (CL:1+ MIN-SPACE)
                                  MIN-SPACE)
                              RESULT))
            (MIN-SPACE (CL:TRUNCATE SPACES PADDINGS))
            (EXTRA-SPACES (- SPACES (CL:* PADDINGS MIN-SPACE))
                   (CL:IF EXTRA-SPACE
                       (CL:1- EXTRA-SPACES)
                       EXTRA-SPACES))
            (SEGS PADDINGS (CL:1- SEGS)))
           ((ZEROP SEGS)
            RESULT)))

(CL:DEFUN FORMAT-ROUND-COLUMNS
 (WIDTH MINCOL COLINC)

   (* ;; "Determine the actual width to be used for a field requiring WIDTH characters according to the following rule: If WIDTH is less than or equal to MINCOL, use WIDTH as the actual width.  Otherwise, round up to MINCOL + k * COLINC for the smallest possible positive integer k.")


   (CL:IF (> WIDTH MINCOL)
       WIDTH
       (+ WIDTH (CL:* COLINC (CL:CEILING (- MINCOL WIDTH)
                                    COLINC)))))

(CL:DEFUN FORMAT-JUSTIFICATION
 (COLON ATSIGN PARMS)
   [WITH-FORMAT-PARAMETERS PARMS ((MINCOL 0)
                                  (COLINC 1)
                                  (MINPAD 0)
                                  (PADCHAR #\Space))
          (CL:UNLESS (AND (CL:INTEGERP MINCOL)
                          (NOT (MINUSP MINCOL)))
                 (FORMAT-ERROR "Mincol must be a non-negative integer - ~S" MINCOL))
          (CL:UNLESS (AND (CL:INTEGERP COLINC)
                          (CL:PLUSP COLINC))
                 (FORMAT-ERROR "Colinc must be a positive integer - ~S" COLINC))
          (CL:UNLESS (AND (CL:INTEGERP MINPAD)
                          (NOT (MINUSP MINPAD)))
                 (FORMAT-ERROR "Minpad must be a non-negative integer - ~S" MINPAD))
          (CL:UNLESS (CL:CHARACTERP PADCHAR)
                 (FORMAT-ERROR "Padchar must be a character - ~S" PADCHAR))
          (NEXTCHAR)
          (CL:MULTIPLE-VALUE-BIND (SPECIAL-ARG SPECIAL-PARMS SEGMENTS NUMSEGS NUMCHARS)
                 (FORMAT-GET-SEGMENTS)
                 (LET* ([PADSEGS (CL:IF (= NUMSEGS 1)
                                     (CL:IF (AND COLON ATSIGN)
                                         2
                                         1)
                                     (+ (CL:IF COLON
                                            1
                                            0)
                                        (CL:1- NUMSEGS)
                                        (CL:IF ATSIGN
                                            1
                                            0)))]
                        (WIDTH (FORMAT-ROUND-COLUMNS (+ NUMCHARS (CL:* MINPAD PADSEGS))
                                      MINCOL COLINC))
                        (SPACES (MAKE-PAD-SEGS (- WIDTH NUMCHARS)
                                       PADSEGS)))
                       (CL:IF (= NUMSEGS 1)
                           [COND
                              ((AND ATSIGN (NOT COLON))
                               (CL:PUSH '0 SPACES))
                              ((OR (AND COLON (NOT ATSIGN))
                                   (AND (NOT ATSIGN)
                                        (NOT COLON)))
                               (NCONC SPACES '(0]
                           (PROGN (CL:IF (OR (AND COLON (NOT ATSIGN))
                                             (AND (NOT ATSIGN)
                                                  (NOT COLON)))
                                      (NCONC SPACES '(0)))
                                  (CL:IF (OR (AND ATSIGN (NOT COLON))
                                             (AND (NOT ATSIGN)
                                                  (NOT COLON)))
                                      (CL:PUSH '0 SPACES))))
                       (CL:WHEN SPECIAL-ARG
                           [WITH-FORMAT-PARAMETERS SPECIAL-PARMS ((SPARE 0)
                                                                  (LINEL (OR (LINELENGTH)
                                                                             72)))
                                  (LET ((POS (OR (CHARPOS *STANDARD-OUTPUT*)
                                                 0)))
                                       (CL:WHEN (> (+ POS WIDTH SPARE)
                                                   LINEL)
                                              (WRITE-STRING* SPECIAL-ARG])
                       (CL:DO ((SEGS SEGMENTS (CDR SEGS))
                               (SPCS SPACES (CDR SPCS)))
                              ((NULL SEGS)
                               (CL:DOTIMES (I (CAR SPCS))
                                   (CL:WRITE-CHAR PADCHAR)))
                           (CL:DOTIMES (I (CAR SPCS))
                               (CL:WRITE-CHAR PADCHAR))
                           (WRITE-STRING* (CAR SEGS)))])

(CL:DEFUN FORMAT-TERPRI
 (COLON ATSIGN PARMS)

   (* ;; "Newline ~&")


   (CL:WHEN (OR COLON ATSIGN)
          (FORMAT-ERROR "Flags not allowed"))
   (WITH-FORMAT-PARAMETERS PARMS ((REPEAT-COUNT 1))
          (CL:DOTIMES (I REPEAT-COUNT)
              (TERPRI *STANDARD-OUTPUT*))))

(CL:DEFUN FORMAT-FRESHLINE
 (COLON ATSIGN PARMS)

   (* ;; "Fresh-line ~%%")


   (CL:WHEN (OR COLON ATSIGN)
          (FORMAT-ERROR "Flags not allowed"))
   (WITH-FORMAT-PARAMETERS PARMS ((REPEAT-COUNT 1))
          (CL:FRESH-LINE *STANDARD-OUTPUT*)
          (CL:DOTIMES (I (CL:1- REPEAT-COUNT))
              (TERPRI *STANDARD-OUTPUT*))))

(CL:DEFUN FORMAT-PAGE
 (COLON ATSIGN PARMS)

   (* ;; " Page  ~|")


   (CL:WHEN (OR COLON ATSIGN)
          (FORMAT-ERROR "Flags not allowed"))
   (WITH-FORMAT-PARAMETERS PARMS ((REPEAT-COUNT 1))
          (CL:DOTIMES (I REPEAT-COUNT)
              (CL:WRITE-CHAR #\Page))))

(CL:DEFUN FORMAT-TILDE
 (COLON ATSIGN PARMS)

   (* ;; "Print a tilde ~~")


   (CL:WHEN (OR COLON ATSIGN)
          (FORMAT-ERROR "Flags not allowed"))
   (WITH-FORMAT-PARAMETERS PARMS ((REPEAT-COUNT 1))
          (CL:DOTIMES (I REPEAT-COUNT)
              (CL:WRITE-CHAR #\~))))

(CL:DEFUN FORMAT-EAT-WHITESPACE
 ()

   (* ;; "Continue control string on next line ~<newline>")


   (NEXTCHAR)
   [SETQ *FORMAT-INDEX* (LET ((NEXT-NON-WHITE (CL:POSITION-IF-NOT (FUNCTION WHITESPACE-CHAR-P)
                                                     *FORMAT-CONTROL-STRING* :START *FORMAT-INDEX*)))
                             (CL:IF NEXT-NON-WHITE
                                 (CL:1- NEXT-NON-WHITE)
                                 (CL:LENGTH *FORMAT-CONTROL-STRING*))])

(CL:DEFUN FORMAT-NEWLINE
 (COLON ATSIGN PARMS)
   (CL:WHEN PARMS (FORMAT-ERROR "Parameters not allowed"))
   (COND
      (COLON (CL:WHEN ATSIGN (FORMAT-ERROR "~:@<newline> is undefined")))
      (ATSIGN (TERPRI *STANDARD-OUTPUT*)
             (FORMAT-EAT-WHITESPACE))
      (T (FORMAT-EAT-WHITESPACE))))

(CL:DEFUN FORMAT-PLURAL
 (COLON ATSIGN PARMS)

   (* ;; "Pluralize word ~P")


   (CL:WHEN PARMS (FORMAT-ERROR "Parameters not allowed"))
   (CL:WHEN COLON

       (* ;; "Back up one argument first ")


       [LET ((CDRS (- (CL:LENGTH *FORMAT-ORIGINAL-ARGUMENTS*)
                      (CL:LENGTH *FORMAT-ARGUMENTS*)
                      1)))
            (CL:IF (MINUSP CDRS)
                (FORMAT-ERROR "No previous argument")
                (SETQ *FORMAT-ARGUMENTS* (CL:NTHCDR CDRS *FORMAT-ORIGINAL-ARGUMENTS*)))])
   (CL:IF (EQL (POP-FORMAT-ARG)
               1)
       (WRITE-STRING* (CL:IF ATSIGN
                          "y"
                          ""))
       (WRITE-STRING* (CL:IF ATSIGN
                          "ies"
                          "s"))))

(CL:DEFUN FORMAT-SKIP-ARGUMENTS
 (COLON ATSIGN PARMS)

   (* ;; "Skip arguments (relative goto) ~*")


   [WITH-FORMAT-PARAMETERS PARMS ((CL:COUNT (CL:IF ATSIGN
                                                0
                                                1)))
          (COND
             (ATSIGN (CL:WHEN (OR (MINUSP CL:COUNT)
                                  (> CL:COUNT (CL:LENGTH *FORMAT-ORIGINAL-ARGUMENTS*)))
                            (FORMAT-ERROR "Illegal to go to non-existant argument"))
                    (SETQ *FORMAT-ARGUMENTS* (CL:NTHCDR CL:COUNT *FORMAT-ORIGINAL-ARGUMENTS*)))
             [COLON (LET ((CDRS (- (CL:LENGTH *FORMAT-ORIGINAL-ARGUMENTS*)
                                   (CL:LENGTH *FORMAT-ARGUMENTS*)
                                   CL:COUNT)))
                         (CL:IF (MINUSP CDRS)
                             (FORMAT-ERROR "Skip to nonexistant argument")
                             (SETQ *FORMAT-ARGUMENTS* (CL:NTHCDR CDRS *FORMAT-ORIGINAL-ARGUMENTS*)))]
             (T (CL:IF (> CL:COUNT (CL:LENGTH *FORMAT-ARGUMENTS*))
                    (FORMAT-ERROR "Skip to nonexistant argument")
                    (SETQ *FORMAT-ARGUMENTS* (CL:NTHCDR CL:COUNT *FORMAT-ARGUMENTS*)))])

(CL:DEFUN FORMAT-INDIRECTION
 (COLON ATSIGN PARMS)

   (* ;; "Indirection ~?")


   (CL:WHEN COLON (FORMAT-ERROR "Colon modifier not allowed"))
   (CL:WHEN PARMS (FORMAT-ERROR "Parameters not allowed"))
   [LET ((STRING (POP-FORMAT-ARG)))
        (CL:UNLESS (CL:STRINGP STRING)
               (FORMAT-ERROR "Indirected control string is not a string"))
        (FORMAT-WITH-CONTROL-STRING STRING (CL:IF ATSIGN
                                               (SUB-FORMAT 0 *FORMAT-LENGTH*)
                                               (LET ((*FORMAT-ARGUMENTS* (POP-FORMAT-ARG)))
                                                    (SUB-FORMAT 0 *FORMAT-LENGTH*)))])

(CL:DEFUN FORMAT-TAB
 (COLON ATSIGN PARMS)

   (* ;; "Tabulation ~T")


   (WITH-FORMAT-PARAMETERS
    PARMS
    ((COLNUM 1)
     (COLINC 1))
    (CL:WHEN COLON (FORMAT-ERROR "Tab-to in pixel units not supported"))
    (CL:DOTIMES [X (LET ((POSITION (POSITION *STANDARD-OUTPUT*)))

                        (* ;; "Note: the first column is numbered ZERO.")


                        (COND
                           [POSITION (LET [(TABCOL (CL:* COLINC (CL:CEILING (CL:IF ATSIGN
                                                                                (+ POSITION COLNUM)
                                                                                COLNUM)
                                                                       COLINC]
                                          (CL:IF (> POSITION TABCOL)
                                              (- COLINC (CL:REM (- POSITION TABCOL)
                                                               COLINC))
                                              (- TABCOL POSITION))]
                           (ATSIGN COLNUM)
                           (T 2]
        (CL:WRITE-CHAR #\Space *STANDARD-OUTPUT*))))

(CL:DEFUN FORMAT-PRINC
 (COLON ATSIGN PARMS)

   (* ;; "Ascii ~A *")


   [LET ((ARG (POP-FORMAT-ARG)))
        (CL:IF (NULL PARMS)
            (CL:IF ARG
                (CL:PRINC ARG)
                (CL:IF COLON
                    (WRITE-STRING* "()")
                    (CL:PRINC NIL)))
            (WITH-FORMAT-PARAMETERS PARMS ((MINCOL 0)
                                           (COLINC 1)
                                           (MINPAD 0)
                                           (PADCHAR #\Space))
                   (FORMAT-WRITE-FIELD (CL:IF ARG
                                           (CL:PRINC-TO-STRING ARG)
                                           (CL:IF COLON
                                               "()"
                                               (CL:PRINC-TO-STRING NIL)))
                          MINCOL COLINC MINPAD PADCHAR ATSIGN)))])

(CL:DEFUN FORMAT-PRIN1
 (COLON ATSIGN PARMS)

   (* ;; "S-expression ~S")


   [LET ((ARG (POP-FORMAT-ARG)))
        (CL:IF (NULL PARMS)
            (CL:IF ARG
                (CL:PRIN1 ARG)
                (CL:IF COLON
                    (WRITE-STRING* "()")
                    (CL:PRIN1 NIL)))
            (WITH-FORMAT-PARAMETERS PARMS ((MINCOL 0)
                                           (COLINC 1)
                                           (MINPAD 0)
                                           (PADCHAR #\Space))
                   (FORMAT-WRITE-FIELD (CL:IF ARG
                                           (CL:PRIN1-TO-STRING ARG)
                                           (CL:IF COLON
                                               "()"
                                               (CL:PRIN1-TO-STRING NIL)))
                          MINCOL COLINC MINPAD PADCHAR ATSIGN)))])

(CL:DEFUN FORMAT-PRINT-CHARACTER
 (COLON ATSIGN PARMS)

   (* ;; "Character ~C")


   [WITH-FORMAT-PARAMETERS PARMS NIL (LET ((CL:CHAR (POP-FORMAT-ARG)))
                                          (CL:UNLESS (CL:CHARACTERP CL:CHAR)
                                                 (FORMAT-ERROR "Argument must be a character"))
                                          (COND
                                             ((AND (NOT COLON)
                                                   (NOT ATSIGN))
                                              (CL:WRITE-CHAR CL:CHAR))
                                             ((AND ATSIGN (NOT COLON))
                                              (CL:PRIN1 CL:CHAR))
                                             (T (FORMAT-PRINT-NAMED-CHARACTER CL:CHAR COLON])

(CL:DEFUN FORMAT-PRINT-NAMED-CHARACTER
 (CHAR LONGP)
   [LET* ((CH (CL:CODE-CHAR (CL:CHAR-CODE CHAR)))
          (NAME (CL:CHAR-NAME CH)))                          (* ; 

                                            "The calls to CODE-CHAR and CHAR-CODE strip funny bits")

         (COND
            [NAME (WRITE-STRING* (CL:STRING-CAPITALIZE (CL:PRINC-TO-STRING NAME]
            [(<= 0 (CL:CHAR-CODE CHAR)
                 31)                                         (* ; 

                                                           "Print control characters as '^' <char>")

             (CL:WRITE-CHAR #\^)
             (CL:WRITE-CHAR (CL:CODE-CHAR (+ 64 (CL:CHAR-CODE CHAR]
            (T (CL:WRITE-CHAR CH])

(CL:DEFUN FORMAT-ADD-COMMAS
 (STRING COMMACHAR COMMA-INTERVAL)

   (* ;; "Insert commas after every COMMA-INTERVALth digit, scanning from right to left. Signs don't count in the final length.")


   (CL:DO* ((LENGTH (CL:LENGTH (THE STRING STRING)))
            (NEW-LENGTH (+ LENGTH (CL:FLOOR (- LENGTH (CL:IF (OR (EQL (CL:CHAR STRING 0)
                                                                      #\+)
                                                                 (EQL (CL:CHAR STRING 0)
                                                                      #\-))
                                                          2
                                                          1))
                                         COMMA-INTERVAL)))
            (NEW-STRING (CL:MAKE-STRING NEW-LENGTH :INITIAL-ELEMENT COMMACHAR)
                   (CL:REPLACE (THE STRING NEW-STRING)
                          (THE STRING STRING)
                          :START1
                          (MAX 0 (- NEW-POS COMMA-INTERVAL))
                          :END1 NEW-POS :START2 (MAX 0 (- POS COMMA-INTERVAL))
                          :END2 POS))
            (POS LENGTH (- POS COMMA-INTERVAL))
            (NEW-POS NEW-LENGTH (- NEW-POS COMMA-INTERVAL 1)))
           ((NOT (CL:PLUSP POS))

            (* ;; "If there was a sign, put it back now")


            (CL:IF (OR (EQL (CL:CHAR STRING 0)
                            #\+)
                       (EQL (CL:CHAR STRING 0)
                            #\-))
                (CL:SETF (CL:CHAR NEW-STRING 0)
                       (CL:CHAR STRING 0)))
            NEW-STRING)))

(CL:DEFUN FORMAT-WRITE-FIELD
 (STRING MINCOL COLINC MINPAD PADCHAR PADLEFT)

   (* ;; "Output a string in a field at MINCOL wide, padding with PADCHAR.  Pads on the left if PADLEFT is true, else on the right.  If the length of the string plus the minimum permissible padding, MINPAD, is greater than MINCOL, the actual field size is rounded up to MINCOL + k * COLINC for the smallest possible positive integer k.")


   (CL:UNLESS (AND (CL:INTEGERP MINCOL)
                   (NOT (MINUSP MINCOL)))
          (FORMAT-ERROR "Mincol must be a non-negative integer - ~S" MINCOL))
   (CL:UNLESS (AND (CL:INTEGERP COLINC)
                   (CL:PLUSP COLINC))
          (FORMAT-ERROR "Colinc must be a positive integer - ~S" COLINC))
   (CL:UNLESS (AND (CL:INTEGERP MINPAD)
                   (NOT (MINUSP MINPAD)))
          (FORMAT-ERROR "Minpad must be a non-negative integer - ~S" MINPAD))
   (CL:UNLESS (CL:CHARACTERP PADCHAR)
          (FORMAT-ERROR "Padchar must be a character - ~S" PADCHAR))
   [LET* ((STRLEN (CL:LENGTH (THE STRING STRING)))
          (WIDTH (FORMAT-ROUND-COLUMNS (+ STRLEN MINPAD)
                        MINCOL COLINC)))
         (COND
            (PADLEFT (CL:DOTIMES (I (- WIDTH STRLEN))
                         (CL:WRITE-CHAR PADCHAR))
                   (WRITE-STRING* STRING))
            (T (WRITE-STRING* STRING)
               (CL:DOTIMES (I (- WIDTH STRLEN))
                   (CL:WRITE-CHAR PADCHAR))])

(CL:DEFUN FORMAT-PRINT-NUMBER
 (NUMBER RADIX PRINT-COMMAS-P PRINT-SIGN-P PARMS)

   (* ;; "This functions does most of the work for the numeric printing directives.  The parameters are interpreted as defined for ~D.")


   [WITH-FORMAT-PARAMETERS PARMS ((MINCOL 0)
                                  (PADCHAR #\Space)
                                  (COMMACHAR #\,)
                                  (COMMA-INTERVAL 3))        (* ; 

                                                           "comma-interval is an XCL extension.")

          (LET* ((*PRINT-BASE* RADIX)
                 (*PRINT-RADIX* NIL)
                 (TEXT (CL:PRINC-TO-STRING NUMBER)))
                (CL:IF (CL:INTEGERP NUMBER)
                    (PROGN 
                           (* ;; "colinc = 1, minpad = 0, padleft = t ")


                           (FORMAT-WRITE-FIELD (CL:IF (AND (CL:PLUSP NUMBER)
                                                           PRINT-SIGN-P)
                                                   (CL:IF PRINT-COMMAS-P
                                                       (CL:CONCATENATE 'STRING "+"
                                                              (FORMAT-ADD-COMMAS TEXT COMMACHAR 
                                                                     COMMA-INTERVAL))
                                                       (CL:CONCATENATE 'STRING "+" TEXT))
                                                   (CL:IF PRINT-COMMAS-P
                                                       (FORMAT-ADD-COMMAS TEXT COMMACHAR 
                                                              COMMA-INTERVAL)
                                                       TEXT))
                                  MINCOL 1 0 PADCHAR T))
                    (WRITE-STRING* TEXT))])

(CL:DEFUN FORMAT-PRINT-SMALL-CARDINAL
 (N)
   [CL:MULTIPLE-VALUE-BIND (HUNDREDS REM)
          (CL:TRUNCATE N 100)
          (CL:WHEN (CL:PLUSP HUNDREDS)
              (WRITE-STRING* (CL:SVREF CARDINAL-ONES HUNDREDS))
              (WRITE-STRING* " hundred")
              (CL:WHEN (CL:PLUSP REM)
                     (CL:WRITE-CHAR #\Space)))
          (CL:WHEN (CL:PLUSP REM)
              [CL:MULTIPLE-VALUE-BIND (TENS ONES)
                     (CL:TRUNCATE REM 10)
                     (COND
                        [(< 1 TENS)
                         (WRITE-STRING* (CL:SVREF CARDINAL-TENS TENS))
                         (CL:WHEN (CL:PLUSP ONES)
                             (CL:WRITE-CHAR #\-)
                             (WRITE-STRING* (CL:SVREF CARDINAL-ONES ONES)))]
                        ((= TENS 1)
                         (WRITE-STRING* (CL:SVREF CARDINAL-TEENS ONES)))
                        ((CL:PLUSP ONES)
                         (WRITE-STRING* (CL:SVREF CARDINAL-ONES ONES])])

(CL:DEFUN FORMAT-PRINT-CARDINAL
 (N)
   (COND
      ((MINUSP N)
       (WRITE-STRING* "negative ")
       (FORMAT-PRINT-CARDINAL-AUX (- N)
              0 N))
      ((ZEROP N)
       (WRITE-STRING* "zero"))
      (T (FORMAT-PRINT-CARDINAL-AUX N 0 N))))

(CL:DEFUN FORMAT-PRINT-CARDINAL-AUX
 (N PERIOD ERR)
   [CL:MULTIPLE-VALUE-BIND (BEYOND HERE)
          (CL:TRUNCATE N 1000)
          (CL:UNLESS (<= PERIOD 10)
                 (FORMAT-ERROR "Number too large to print in English: ~:D" ERR))
          (CL:UNLESS (ZEROP BEYOND)
              (FORMAT-PRINT-CARDINAL-AUX BEYOND (CL:1+ PERIOD)
                     ERR))
          (CL:UNLESS (ZEROP HERE)
              (CL:UNLESS (ZEROP BEYOND)
                     (CL:WRITE-CHAR #\Space))
              (FORMAT-PRINT-SMALL-CARDINAL HERE)
              (WRITE-STRING* (CL:SVREF CARDINAL-PERIODS PERIOD)))])

(CL:DEFUN FORMAT-PRINT-ORDINAL
 (N)
   (CL:WHEN (MINUSP N)
          (WRITE-STRING* "negative "))
   [LET ((CL:NUMBER (ABS N)))
        (CL:MULTIPLE-VALUE-BIND (TOP BOT)
               (CL:TRUNCATE CL:NUMBER 100)
               (CL:UNLESS (ZEROP TOP)
                   (FORMAT-PRINT-CARDINAL (- CL:NUMBER BOT)))
               (CL:WHEN (AND (CL:PLUSP TOP)
                             (CL:PLUSP BOT))
                      (CL:WRITE-CHAR #\Space))
               (CL:MULTIPLE-VALUE-BIND (TENS ONES)
                      (CL:TRUNCATE BOT 10)
                      (COND
                         ((= BOT 12)
                          (WRITE-STRING* "twelfth"))
                         ((= TENS 1)
                          (WRITE-STRING* (CL:SVREF CARDINAL-TEENS ONES))
                          (WRITE-STRING* "th"))
                         ((AND (ZEROP TENS)
                               (CL:PLUSP ONES))
                          (WRITE-STRING* (CL:SVREF ORDINAL-ONES ONES)))
                         ((AND (ZEROP ONES)
                               (CL:PLUSP TENS))
                          (WRITE-STRING* (CL:SVREF ORDINAL-TENS TENS)))
                         ((CL:PLUSP BOT)
                          (WRITE-STRING* (CL:SVREF CARDINAL-TENS TENS))
                          (CL:WRITE-CHAR #\-)
                          (WRITE-STRING* (CL:SVREF ORDINAL-ONES ONES)))
                         ((CL:PLUSP CL:NUMBER)
                          (WRITE-STRING* "th"))
                         (T (WRITE-STRING* "zeroeth"])

(CL:DEFUN FORMAT-PRINT-OLD-ROMAN
 (N)

   (* ;; "Print Roman numerals")


   (CL:UNLESS (< 0 N 5000)
          (FORMAT-ERROR "Number too large to print in old Roman numerals: ~:D" N))
   (CL:DO [(CHAR-LIST '(#\D #\C #\L #\X #\V #\I)
                  (CDR CHAR-LIST))
           (VAL-LIST '(500 100 50 10 5 1)
                  (CDR VAL-LIST))
           (CUR-CHAR #\M (CAR CHAR-LIST))
           (CUR-VAL 1000 (CAR VAL-LIST))
           (START N (CL:DO [(I START (PROGN (CL:WRITE-CHAR CUR-CHAR)
                                            (- I CUR-VAL]
                           ((< I CUR-VAL)
                            I))]
          ((ZEROP START))))

(CL:DEFUN FORMAT-PRINT-ROMAN
 (N)
   (CL:UNLESS (< 0 N 4000)
          (FORMAT-ERROR "Number too large to print in Roman numerals: ~:D" N))
   (CL:DO [(CHAR-LIST '(#\D #\C #\L #\X #\V #\I)
                  (CDR CHAR-LIST))
           (VAL-LIST '(500 100 50 10 5 1)
                  (CDR VAL-LIST))
           (SUB-CHARS '(#\C #\X #\X #\I #\I)
                  (CDR SUB-CHARS))
           (SUB-VAL '(100 10 10 1 1 0)
                  (CDR SUB-VAL))
           (CUR-CHAR #\M (CAR CHAR-LIST))
           (CUR-VAL 1000 (CAR VAL-LIST))
           (CUR-SUB-CHAR #\C (CAR SUB-CHARS))
           (CUR-SUB-VAL 100 (CAR SUB-VAL))
           (START N (CL:DO [(I START (PROGN (CL:WRITE-CHAR CUR-CHAR)
                                            (- I CUR-VAL]
                           ((< I CUR-VAL)
                            (COND
                               ((<= (- CUR-VAL CUR-SUB-VAL)
                                    I)
                                (CL:WRITE-CHAR CUR-SUB-CHAR)
                                (CL:WRITE-CHAR CUR-CHAR)
                                (- I (- CUR-VAL CUR-SUB-VAL)))
                               (T I))))]
          ((ZEROP START))))

(CL:DEFUN FORMAT-PRINT-DECIMAL
 (COLON ATSIGN PARMS)

   (* ;; "Decimal ~D")


   (FORMAT-PRINT-NUMBER (POP-FORMAT-ARG)
          10 COLON ATSIGN PARMS))

(CL:DEFUN FORMAT-PRINT-BINARY
 (COLON ATSIGN PARMS)

   (* ;; "Binary ~B")


   (FORMAT-PRINT-NUMBER (POP-FORMAT-ARG)
          2 COLON ATSIGN PARMS))

(CL:DEFUN FORMAT-PRINT-OCTAL
 (COLON ATSIGN PARMS)

   (* ;; "Octal ~O")


   (FORMAT-PRINT-NUMBER (POP-FORMAT-ARG)
          8 COLON ATSIGN PARMS))

(CL:DEFUN FORMAT-PRINT-HEXADECIMAL
 (COLON ATSIGN PARMS)

   (* ;; "Hexadecimal ~X")


   (FORMAT-PRINT-NUMBER (POP-FORMAT-ARG)
          16 COLON ATSIGN PARMS))

(CL:DEFUN FORMAT-PRINT-RADIX
 (COLON ATSIGN PARMS)

   (* ;; "Radix ~R")


   [LET ((CL:NUMBER (POP-FORMAT-ARG)))
        (CL:IF (CAR PARMS)
            (FORMAT-PRINT-NUMBER CL:NUMBER (pop
 PARMS)
                   COLON ATSIGN PARMS)
            (CL:IF PARMS
                (FORMAT-WRITE-FIELD (FORMAT-STRINGIFY-OUTPUT (FORMAT-PRINT-RADIX-AUX CL:NUMBER COLON
                                                                    ATSIGN))
                       (CADR PARMS)
                       1 0 (COND
                              ((CADDR PARMS))
                              (T #\Space)
                              NIL)
                       T)
                (FORMAT-PRINT-RADIX-AUX CL:NUMBER COLON ATSIGN)))])

(CL:DEFUN FORMAT-PRINT-RADIX-AUX
 (CL:NUMBER COLON ATSIGN)
   (CL:IF (TYPEP CL:NUMBER 'INTEGER)
       (CL:IF ATSIGN
           (CL:IF COLON
               (FORMAT-PRINT-OLD-ROMAN CL:NUMBER)
               (FORMAT-PRINT-ROMAN CL:NUMBER))
           (CL:IF COLON
               (FORMAT-PRINT-ORDINAL CL:NUMBER)
               (FORMAT-PRINT-CARDINAL CL:NUMBER)))
       (FORMAT-ERROR "Non-integer ~S can't be FORMATted ~~~:[~;:~]~:[~;@~]R" CL:NUMBER COLON ATSIGN)))

(CL:DEFUN FORMAT-FIXED
 (COLON ATSIGN PARMS)

   (* ;; "Fixed-format floating point ~F")


   (CL:WHEN COLON (FORMAT-ERROR "Colon flag not allowed"))
   [WITH-FORMAT-PARAMETERS PARMS ((W NIL)
                                  (D NIL)
                                  (K NIL)
                                  (OVF NIL)
                                  (PAD #\Space))

          (* ;; "Note that the scale factor k defaults to nil.  This is interpreted as zero by flonum-to-string, but more efficiently.")


          (LET ((CL:NUMBER (POP-FORMAT-ARG)))
               (CL:IF (FLOATP CL:NUMBER)
                   (FORMAT-FIXED-AUX CL:NUMBER W D K OVF PAD ATSIGN)
                   (CL:IF (CL:RATIONALP CL:NUMBER)
                       (FORMAT-FIXED-AUX (COERCE CL:NUMBER 'FLOAT)
                              W D K OVF PAD ATSIGN)
                       (LET ((*PRINT-BASE* 10))
                            (FORMAT-WRITE-FIELD (CL:PRINC-TO-STRING CL:NUMBER)
                                   W 1 0 #\Space T))))])

(CL:DEFUN FORMAT-FIXED-AUX
 (NUMBER W D K OVF PAD ATSIGN)
   (CL:IF (NOT (OR W D K))
       (PROGN 
              (* ;; "Code snarfed from Spice printer OUTPUT-FLOAT")


              (CL:WHEN (MINUSP NUMBER)
                  (CL:WRITE-CHAR #\-)
                  (CL:SETQ NUMBER (- NUMBER)))

              (* ;; 

            "When number is reasonable size, use FLONUM-TO-STRING, otherwise punt and PRINC it")


              (CL:IF (AND (>= NUMBER 0.001)
                          (<= NUMBER 1.0E+7))
                  (CL:MULTIPLE-VALUE-BIND (STR LEN LPOINT TPOINT)
                         (FLONUM-TO-STRING NUMBER)
                         (CL:WHEN LPOINT (CL:WRITE-CHAR #\0))
                         (WRITE-STRING* STR)
                         (CL:WHEN TPOINT (CL:WRITE-CHAR #\0)))
                  (CL:PRINC NUMBER)))
       [LET ((SPACELEFT W))
            (CL:WHEN (AND W (OR ATSIGN (MINUSP NUMBER)))
                   (CL:DECF SPACELEFT))
            (CL:MULTIPLE-VALUE-BIND (STR LEN LPOINT TPOINT)
                   (FLONUM-TO-STRING (ABS NUMBER)
                          SPACELEFT D K)

                   (* ;; 

         "if caller specifically requested no fraction digits, suppress the optional trailing zero")


                   (CL:WHEN (AND D (ZEROP D))
                          (SETQ TPOINT NIL))
                   (CL:WHEN W
                       (CL:DECF SPACELEFT LEN)

                       (* ;; "optional leading zero force at least one digit")


                       (CL:WHEN LPOINT
                           (CL:IF (OR (> SPACELEFT 0)
                                      TPOINT)
                               (CL:DECF SPACELEFT)
                               (SETQ LPOINT NIL)))

                       (* ;; "optional trailing zero")


                       (CL:WHEN TPOINT
                           (CL:IF (> SPACELEFT 0)
                               (CL:DECF SPACELEFT)
                               (SETQ TPOINT NIL))))
                   (COND
                      ((AND W (< SPACELEFT 0)
                            OVF)

                       (* ;; "field width overflow")


                       (CL:DOTIMES (I W)
                           (CL:WRITE-CHAR OVF)))
                      (T (CL:WHEN W
                             (CL:DOTIMES (I SPACELEFT)
                                 (CL:WRITE-CHAR PAD)))
                         (CL:IF (MINUSP NUMBER)
                             (CL:WRITE-CHAR #\-)
                             (CL:IF ATSIGN (CL:WRITE-CHAR #\+)))
                         (CL:WHEN LPOINT (CL:WRITE-CHAR #\0))
                         (WRITE-STRING* STR)
                         (CL:WHEN TPOINT (CL:WRITE-CHAR #\0]))

(CL:DEFUN FORMAT-EXPONENTIAL
 (COLON ATSIGN PARMS)

   (* ;; "Exponential-format floating point ~E")


   (CL:WHEN COLON (FORMAT-ERROR "Colon flag not allowed"))
   [WITH-FORMAT-PARAMETERS PARMS ((W NIL)
                                  (D NIL)
                                  (E NIL)
                                  (K 1)
                                  (OVF NIL)
                                  (PAD #\Space)
                                  (MARKER NIL))
          (LET ((CL:NUMBER (POP-FORMAT-ARG)))
               (CL:IF (FLOATP CL:NUMBER)
                   (FORMAT-EXP-AUX CL:NUMBER W D E K OVF PAD MARKER ATSIGN)
                   (CL:IF (CL:RATIONALP CL:NUMBER)
                       (FORMAT-EXP-AUX (COERCE CL:NUMBER 'FLOAT)
                              W D E K OVF PAD MARKER ATSIGN)
                       (LET ((*PRINT-BASE* 10))
                            (FORMAT-WRITE-FIELD (CL:PRINC-TO-STRING CL:NUMBER)
                                   W 1 0 #\Space T))))])

(CL:DEFUN FORMAT-EXPONENT-MARKER
 (CL:NUMBER)
   (CL:IF (TYPEP CL:NUMBER *READ-DEFAULT-FLOAT-FORMAT*)
       #\E
       (CL:ETYPECASE CL:NUMBER
           (CL:SHORT-FLOAT #\S)
           (CL:SINGLE-FLOAT #\F))))

(CL:DEFUN FORMAT-EXP-AUX
 (NUMBER W D E K OVF PAD MARKER ATSIGN)

   (* ;; "Here we prevent the scale factor from shifting all significance out of a number to the right.  We allow insignificant zeroes to be shifted in to the left right, athough it is an error to specify k and d such that this occurs.  Perhaps we should detect both these conditions and flag them as errors.  As for now, we let the user get away with it, and merely guarantee that at least one significant digit will appear.")


   (CL:IF (NOT (OR W D))
       (CL:PRIN1 NUMBER)
       [CL:MULTIPLE-VALUE-BIND (NUM EXPT)
              (SCALE-EXPONENT (ABS NUMBER))
              (LET* ((EXPT (- EXPT K))
                     (ESTR (CL:PRINC-TO-STRING (ABS EXPT)))
                     (ELEN (CL:IF E
                               (MAX (CL:LENGTH ESTR)
                                    E)
                               (CL:LENGTH ESTR)))
                     (FDIG (CL:IF D
                               (CL:IF (CL:PLUSP K)
                                   (CL:1+ (- D K))
                                   D)
                               NIL))
                     (FMIN (CL:IF (MINUSP K)
                               (- 1 K)
                               NIL))
                     (SPACELEFT (CL:IF W
                                    (- W 2 ELEN)
                                    NIL)))
                    (CL:WHEN (OR ATSIGN (MINUSP NUMBER))
                           (CL:DECF SPACELEFT))
                    (CL:IF (AND W E OVF (> ELEN E))
                        (PROGN 
                               (* ;; "exponent overflow")


                               (CL:DOTIMES (I W)
                                   (CL:WRITE-CHAR OVF)))
                        [CL:MULTIPLE-VALUE-BIND (FSTR FLEN LPOINT TPOINT)
                               (FLONUM-TO-STRING NUM SPACELEFT FDIG K FMIN)
                               (CL:WHEN W
                                   (CL:DECF SPACELEFT FLEN)
                                   (CL:WHEN LPOINT
                                       (CL:IF (> SPACELEFT 0)
                                           (CL:DECF SPACELEFT)
                                           (SETQ LPOINT NIL))))
                               (COND
                                  ((AND W (< SPACELEFT 0)
                                        OVF)

                                   (* ;; "significand overflow")


                                   (CL:DOTIMES (I W)
                                       (CL:WRITE-CHAR OVF)))
                                  (T (CL:WHEN W
                                         (CL:DOTIMES (I SPACELEFT)
                                             (CL:WRITE-CHAR PAD)))
                                     (CL:IF (MINUSP NUMBER)
                                         (CL:WRITE-CHAR #\-)
                                         (CL:IF ATSIGN (CL:WRITE-CHAR #\+)))
                                     (CL:WHEN LPOINT (CL:WRITE-CHAR #\0))
                                     (WRITE-STRING* FSTR)

                                     (* ;; "(cl:when tpoint (cl:write-char #\0))")


                                     (CL:WRITE-CHAR (CL:IF MARKER
                                                        MARKER
                                                        (FORMAT-EXPONENT-MARKER NUMBER)))
                                     (CL:WRITE-CHAR (CL:IF (MINUSP EXPT)
                                                        #\-
                                                        #\+))
                                     (CL:WHEN E

                                         (* ;; "zero-fill before exponent if necessary")


                                         (CL:DOTIMES (I (- E (CL:LENGTH ESTR)))
                                             (CL:WRITE-CHAR #\0)))
                                     (WRITE-STRING* ESTR])]))

(CL:DEFUN FORMAT-GENERAL-FLOAT
 (COLON ATSIGN PARMS)

   (* ;; "General Floating Point --- ~G")


   (CL:WHEN COLON (FORMAT-ERROR "Colon flag not allowed"))
   [WITH-FORMAT-PARAMETERS PARMS ((W NIL)
                                  (D NIL)
                                  (E NIL)
                                  (K NIL)
                                  (OVF #\*)
                                  (PAD #\Space)
                                  (MARKER NIL))
          (LET ((CL:NUMBER (POP-FORMAT-ARG)))

               (* ;; "The Excelsior edition does not say what to do if the argument is not a float.  Here, we adopt the conventions used by ~F and ~E.")


               (CL:IF (FLOATP CL:NUMBER)
                   (FORMAT-GENERAL-AUX CL:NUMBER W D E K OVF PAD MARKER ATSIGN)
                   (CL:IF (CL:RATIONALP CL:NUMBER)
                       (FORMAT-GENERAL-AUX (COERCE CL:NUMBER 'FLOAT)
                              W D E K OVF PAD MARKER ATSIGN)
                       (LET ((*PRINT-BASE* 10))
                            (FORMAT-WRITE-FIELD (CL:PRINC-TO-STRING CL:NUMBER)
                                   W 1 0 #\Space T))))])

(CL:DEFUN FORMAT-GENERAL-AUX
 (CL:NUMBER W D E K OVF PAD MARKER ATSIGN)
   [CL:MULTIPLE-VALUE-BIND (IGNORE N)
          (SCALE-EXPONENT (ABS CL:NUMBER))
          (DECLARE
 (IGNORE IGNORE))

          (* ;; "Default d if omitted.  The procedure is taken directly from the definition given in the manual, and is not very efficient, since we generate the digits twice. Future maintainers are encouraged to improve on this.")


          (CL:UNLESS D
              [CL:MULTIPLE-VALUE-BIND (STR LEN)
                     (FLONUM-TO-STRING (ABS CL:NUMBER))
                     (DECLARE
 (IGNORE STR))
                     (LET [(Q (CL:IF (= LEN 1)
                                  1
                                  (CL:1- LEN))]
                          (SETQ D (MAX Q (MIN N 7])
          (LET* ((EE (CL:IF E
                         (+ E 2)
                         4))
                 (WW (CL:IF W
                         (- W EE)
                         NIL))
                 (DD (- D N)))
                (COND
                   ((<= 0 DD D)
                    (FORMAT-FIXED-AUX CL:NUMBER WW DD NIL OVF PAD ATSIGN)
                    (CL:DOTIMES (I EE)
                        (CL:WRITE-CHAR #\Space)))
                   (T (FORMAT-EXP-AUX CL:NUMBER W D E (OR K 1)
                             OVF PAD MARKER ATSIGN])

(CL:DEFUN FORMAT-DOLLARS
 (COLON ATSIGN PARMS)

   (* ;; "Dollars floating-point format ~$")


   [WITH-FORMAT-PARAMETERS PARMS ((D 2)
                                  (N 1)
                                  (FW 0)
                                  (PAD #\Space))
          (LET* [(CL:NUMBER (POP-FORMAT-ARG))
                 (SIGNSTR (CL:IF (MINUSP CL:NUMBER)
                              "-"
                              (CL:IF ATSIGN
                                  "+"
                                  ""))]
                (CL:MULTIPLE-VALUE-BIND (STR NUMLENGTH IG2 IG3 POINTPLACE)
                       (FLONUM-TO-STRING (ABS CL:NUMBER)
                              NIL D NIL)
                       (DECLARE
 (IGNORE IG2 IG3))
                       (CL:WHEN COLON (WRITE-STRING* SIGNSTR))
                       (CL:DOTIMES [I (- FW NUMLENGTH (CL:LENGTH SIGNSTR)
                                         (MAX 0 (- N POINTPLACE]
                           (CL:WRITE-CHAR PAD))
                       (CL:UNLESS COLON (WRITE-STRING* SIGNSTR))
                       (CL:DOTIMES (I (- N POINTPLACE))
                           (CL:WRITE-CHAR #\0))
                       (WRITE-STRING* STR])

(CL:DEFUN CHARPOS
 (STREAM)
   (CL:UNLESS (STREAMP STREAM)
          (CL:ERROR "CHARPOS: ~A isn't a stream" STREAM))
   (fetch
 (STREAM CHARPOSITION) of
 STREAM))

(CL:DEFUN WHITESPACE-CHAR-P
 (CH)
   (CL:MEMBER CH '(#\Tab #\Page #\Space #\Backspace #\Newline #\Linefeed)
          :TEST
          (FUNCTION EQL)))

(DEFMACRO NAME-ARRAY
 (CONTENTS)
   `(CL:MAKE-ARRAY ,(LENGTH CONTENTS)
           :ELEMENT-TYPE T :INITIAL-CONTENTS ',CONTENTS))

(CL:DEFVAR *FORMAT-ARGUMENTS*
 NIL
   "List of FORMAT args yet unprocessed")

(CL:DEFVAR *FORMAT-CONTROL-STRING*
 NIL
   "Bound to FORMAT control string")

(CL:DEFVAR *FORMAT-DISPATCH-TABLE*

   (MAKE-DISPATCH-VECTOR (#\B FORMAT-PRINT-BINARY)
          (#\O FORMAT-PRINT-OCTAL)
          (#\D FORMAT-PRINT-DECIMAL)
          (#\X FORMAT-PRINT-HEXADECIMAL)
          (#\R FORMAT-PRINT-RADIX)
          (#\F FORMAT-FIXED)
          (#\E FORMAT-EXPONENTIAL)
          (#\G FORMAT-GENERAL-FLOAT)
          (#\A FORMAT-PRINC)
          (#\C FORMAT-PRINT-CHARACTER)
          (#\P FORMAT-PLURAL)
          (#\S FORMAT-PRIN1)
          (#\T FORMAT-TAB)
          (#\% FORMAT-TERPRI)
          (#\& FORMAT-FRESHLINE)
          (#\* FORMAT-SKIP-ARGUMENTS)
          (#\| FORMAT-PAGE)
          (#\~ FORMAT-TILDE)
          (#\$ FORMAT-DOLLARS)
          (#\? FORMAT-INDIRECTION)
          (#\^ FORMAT-ESCAPE)
          (#\; FORMAT-SEMICOLON-ERROR)
          (#\[ FORMAT-CONDITION)
          (#\{ FORMAT-ITERATION)
          (#\< FORMAT-JUSTIFICATION)
          (#\( FORMAT-CAPITALIZATION)
          (#\Newline FORMAT-NEWLINE))
   "Table of functions called by SUB-FORMAT to process ~foo stuff")

(CL:DEFVAR *FORMAT-INDEX*
 NIL
   "Index into current control string")

(CL:DEFVAR *FORMAT-LENGTH*
 NIL
   "Length of current control string")

(CL:DEFVAR *FORMAT-ORIGINAL-ARGUMENTS*
 NIL
   "List of original FORMAT arguments")

(CL:DEFVAR CARDINAL-ONES
 (NAME-ARRAY (NIL "one" "two" "three" "four" "five" "six" "seven" "eight"
                                              "nine"))
                             "Table of strings used by ~R")

(CL:DEFVAR CARDINAL-TENS
 (NAME-ARRAY (NIL NIL "twenty" "thirty" "forty" "fifty" "sixty" "seventy"
                                              "eighty" "ninety"))
                             "Table of strings used by ~R")

(CL:DEFVAR CARDINAL-TEENS
 (NAME-ARRAY ("ten" "eleven" "twelve" "thirteen" "fourteen" "fifteen" 
                                                 "sixteen" "seventeen" "eighteen" "nineteen"))
                              "Table of strings used by ~R")

(CL:DEFVAR CARDINAL-PERIODS
 (NAME-ARRAY ("" " thousand" " million" " billion" " trillion" 
                                                " quadrillion" " quintillion" " sextillion" 
                                                " septillion" " octillion" " nonillion" " decillion")
                                       )
                                "Table of strings used by ~R")

(CL:DEFVAR ORDINAL-ONES
 (NAME-ARRAY (NIL "first" "second" "third" "fourth" "fifth" "sixth" 
                                             "seventh" "eighth" "ninth"))
                            "Table of strings used by ~R")

(CL:DEFVAR ORDINAL-TENS
 (NAME-ARRAY (NIL "tenth" "twentieth" "thirtieth" "fourtieth" "fiftieth" 
                                             "sixtieth" "seventieth" "eightieth" "ninetieth"))
                            "Table of strings used by ~R")
(DECLARE%: DONTEVAL@LOAD DOEVAL@COMPILE DONTCOPY COMPILERVARS 

(ADDTOVAR NLAMA
 )

(ADDTOVAR NLAML
 )

(ADDTOVAR LAMA
 )
)



(* ;; "Arrange to use the correct compiler.")



(PUTPROPS CMLFORMAT
 FILETYPE
 CL:COMPILE-FILE)
(PUTPROPS CMLFORMAT COPYRIGHT ("Venue & Xerox Corporation" 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990))
(DECLARE%: DONTCOPY
  (FILEMAP (NIL)))
STOP