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Updated zork documentation for old and new zorks using heasm66's recommendations.

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ZORK User Information
I. Getting a ZORK
a. ITS: Say ZORK^K to DDT rather than :ZORK to get a zork.
b. 10X/20X: Invoke the local dungeon (usually ZORK.EXE)
II. Bugs, comments, suggestions...
Always welcome and encouraged. All mail should be sent to
ZORK@MIT-DMS. ZORK has a BUG command, in addition, which
may be used to report strange happenings. Its use is described
below. Please note that for 10X/20X systems, net mail to ZORK
will be acted on much more quickly than BUG command reports.
If, in making a bug report, you know what symptoms were exhibited
by the program, PLEASE, PLEASE!!!!! include them. It is at best
extremely irritating and at worst useless to receive a bug report
like 'mumble frotz' loses, or 'try saying \"mumble frotz\"'. With
such reports, we have no way of knowing the situation when your
'mumble frotz' lost, and no way of knowing if any bug we manage
to reproduce (if we do) is the same one you saw. In consequence,
everyone's time is wasted.
III. Typing to Zork.
A number of characters in Zork have special effects. These
include a number of line editing commands. The characters are:
<rubout> or <backspace>: delete the last character typed
<ctrl-W>: delete the last word typed
<ctrl-U> or <ctrl-X> or <ctrl-@>: delete the entire buffer
<ctrl-D>: redisplay the buffer
<ctrl-L>: redisplay the buffer. Sometimes this also clears the
screen.
<altmode/cr>: terminate commands
<ctrl-S>: flush long typeouts
<ctrl-G>: like the QUIT command (vide infra)
<semicolon>: Causes the remainder of the command line to be ignored.
This may be useful for annotating hard copies/scripts of games.
IV. Garbage Collection
Zork may occasionally type out a message 'GIN FREE STORAGE-
<long pause> GOUT TIME=10.92'. This indicates that a garbage
collection is occurring. We have attempted to prevent this, since it
may take a significant amount of real time on a loaded system; should
it ever occur, please send mail to ZORK@MIT-DMS describing the
circumstances -- how many moves have been made, whether a RESTORE has
been done, and so on. THIS IS NOT FATAL: after the GOUT message is
printed, you may continue playing.
V. User Commands
The following commands may prove useful for the playing of Zork.
They are not, however, game commands (i.e. they have no side effects
in the current game).
a. Verbosity
Verbose: The default: print long room descriptions on first
visit, 20% of the time thereafter.
Brief: Supresses printing of long room descriptions for rooms
which have been visited. Short object descriptions
are also used in such rooms.
Super(brief): Suppresses printing of all long descriptions, even
on the first visit. Short object descriptions are
always used.
Noobj: Suppresses printing of object descriptions in rooms
already visited. See the 'object' command.
Note that the maximally verbose description (that printed on the
first visit to a room in verbose mode) may always be obtained by
saying 'look'. See also the 'room' and 'object' commands.
b. Help
Info: Prints a file which might give some idea of
what the game is about.
Help: Prints a short summary of useful commands.
Doc: Prints this.
c. Progress
Quit: Prints your score, and asks whether you wish to
continue playing.
Score: Deflate your ego.
Time: Describe how much of eternity you have injured.
Versi(on): Describe the current version.
d. Hard copy (directory owners only!)
Scrip(t): Script to a file ZORK.SCRIPT
Unscr(ipt): End scripting
e. Save/restore (directory owners only!)
Save: Save the game for future continuation (to ZORK.SAVE)
Resto(re): Restore a saved game (from ZORK.SAVE)
Only the player who created the save file can restore
it at a later time! You are warned.
f. Bugs, etc.
Bug: Although the best way to report bugs is to send mail
to ZORK@MIT-DMS, there is a 'bug' and command
built in to the game. This generates files which
must, alas, be manually transmitted to the
maintainers. It is, however, better than nothing.
Featu(re): Like Bug, to make a suggestion for a feature.
g. General
Again: Repeat the last input.
Look: Describe the current surroundings. 'L' is equivalent.
Room: Print the verbose description of the room, without
mentioning any objects.
Rname: Print the short description of the room.
Object: Print the verbose description of all the objects in
the room, without describing the room. 'Look' is
equivalent to a 'room' command followed by an
'object' command.
Inven(t): Describe your possessions. 'I' is equivalent.
Diagn(ose): Describe your state of health.
Wait: Causes 'time' to pass.
Oops: Corrects a misspelled word: As an example,
for 'I don't know the word TORHC' -> say 'OOPS TORCH'.
VI. Zork Command Parser
A command is one line of text terminated by a carriage return or
altmode. For reasons of simplicity all words are distinguished by
their first five letters. All others are ignored. For example,
typing 'DISASSEMBLE THE ENCYLOPEDIA', while meaningless, is also
creating excess finger motion. Note also that ambiguities can be
introduced by this: 'unscr' is 'UNSCRipt', not 'UNSCRew'.
You are talking to a moderately stupid parser, which understands
the following types of things.
Actions:
Among the more obvious of these, TAKE, DROP, etc. Fairly general
forms of these may be used: PICK UP, PUT DOWN, etc.
Directions:
NORTH, SOUTH, UP, DOWN, etc. and their various abbreviations.
Other more obscure directions (LAND, CLIMB) are appropriate in
only certain situations. Because words are only five letters,
you must say 'nw' for 'northwest': the latter is truncated to
'north', which isn't quite what you had in mind.
Objects:
Most objects have names, and can be referenced by them. At most,
two objects can be specified in one command.
Adjectives:
Some adjectives are understood and are required when there are
two objects which can be referenced with the same 'name' (e.g.
DOORs, BUTTONs)
Prepositions:
It may be necessary in some cases to include prepositions, but
the parser attempts to handle cases which aren't ambiguous
without. Thus 'Give car to demon' will work, as will 'Give demon
car.' When a preposition is used, it should be appropriate:
'Give car with demon' does not parse.
Sentences:
The parser understands a reasonable number of things. Rather
than listing them, we advise you to do reasonable things. Note
that several sentences may be typed on the same line, separated
by periods or by 'and': 'n.e.s.w.open mailb and read' will [try
to] do just that.
Multiple Objects:
Sentences of the following forms will parse:
Put A and B and C in trophy case
Put A, B, and C in trophy case
Give A and B to the troll
The following will not:
Put A B in case
Take A B C
The point is that an AND or a <period> are required so as not
to hopelessly confuse the parser.
Special objects named 'everything' and 'valuables' exist; one
may, for example, say 'take everything' and 'put valuables in
trophy case'.
Multiple commands:
Several commands may be included on a single line. They must be
separated by 'then' or '.'. Thus:
TAKE BOOK. N. DROP BOOK AND CANDLE
is correct. Note that the use of a comma between commands will
cause the command line to be parsed incorrectly: comma should
only be used between multiple objects.
Ambiguity:
The parser tries to be clever about what to do in the case of
actions which require objects in the case that the object is not
specified. If there is only one possible object, the parser will
assume that it should be used. Otherwise, the parser will ask.
Most questions asked by the parser can be answered (e.g. With
what?).
Errors:
There are a number of errors which the parser may find in an input
sentence. Some of the more common ones are listed here:
1. 'I don't know the word ZROK'. Probably the most common parser
error. To correct the spelling of a work, use the OOPS command.
In this case, 'OOPS ZORK' would be the correct thing.
2. 'I can't make sense out of that.'. This error means that there
is no known syntax that matches the input. For example, saying
'PUT X WITH Y' does not match any known form for the verb 'PUT'.
This error never implies that the idea of the command was not
good, but rather that the parser doesn't know that form of the
verb. It's usually best to try another way of saying the same
thing.
3. 'Huh?'. A command usually without a noun or a verb. Sometimes
this is confusing, because a word thought to be a noun was really
an adjective. This is the case with, for example, 'GOLD'.
Other commands which cause this are: 'WITH' and 'THE'.
4. 'I can't see any <thing> here.'. An object represented by
'thing' was not found within the room or on your person.
5. 'It's too dark in here to see.'. A reference was made to
an object within an unlighted room.
6. 'I can't reach the <thing> from within the <vehicle>'. This
means that the <thing> referenced was within the room proper,
while you are in a vehicle within that room. Some vehicles
will not allow access to objects outside of themselves.
7. 'That doesn't make any sense.' Usually this will mean that
something like 'TAKE THE COIL OF KEYS' instead of the 'SET'
of keys. In the general case, 'THE <x> of <y>' is legal only
if <x> and <y> are names for the same thing.
8. 'Two verbs in command?' The parser believes that two verbs
were in the command. If you check carefully, you will find
that one of the words is really a verb, and not a noun as
supposed.
9. 'Double preposition?' Try 'TAKE WITH IN MAILBOX'.
10. 'Multiple inputs cannot be used with <verb>'. It is only
legal to use multiple inputs with certain verbs. The ones
which come to mind are TAKE, DROP, and PUT.
11. 'Too many objects specified?' A legal command may contain
at most two object references.
12. 'Beg pardon?'. A null input was parsed.
VII. Theories
The following 'theories' are fundamental to the game and should
be noted:
Containment:
Some objects can contain other objects. Many such containers
can be opened and closed; the rest are always open. They may or
may not be transparent. For you to access (take, for example)
an object which is in a container, the container must be open;
for you to see such an object, the container must either be open
or transparent. Containers have a capacity, and objects have
sizes; the number of objects which will fit therefore depends on
their sizes. You may "put" any object you have access to (it
need not be in your hands) into any other object; at some point,
the program will attempt to pick it up if you don't already have
it, which process may fail if you're carrying too much.
Although containers can contain other containers, the program
doesn't access more than one level down.
Fighting:
Occupants of the dungeon will, as a rule, fight back when
attacked; they may in some cases attack you unprovoked. Useful
verbs here are 'attack <villain> with <weapon>', 'kill', etc.
Knife-throwing may or may not be useful. The adventurer has a
fighting strength, which varies with time: in particular, being
in a fight, getting killed, and getting injured, all lower it.
One's carrying capacity may also be reduced after a fight.
Strength is regained with time. (Thus, it is not a good idea to
fight someone immediately after being killed.) Other details
may become apparent in the course of a few melees. The
'diagnose' command describes your state of health.
Vehicles:
There are some objects in the labyrinth which are rumoured to have
the ability to transport the fearless adventurer to mysterious
regions which are inaccessible on foot. Needless to say, the
adventurer faces great personal peril as he encounters these
regions. The 'vehicles' can usually be entered with the 'board'
command, and can be exited with the 'disembark' command.

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Commands to ZORK are simple sentences: <verb>, <verb> <object>,
and <verb> <object> <indirect object> are examples. Only the first five
characters of a word are looked at. Simple line editing commands include
<rubout> to delete the last character, <ctrl-U,X,or@> to delete the
entire buffer, and <ctrl-D> to redisplay the buffer. Commands terminate
with <cr> or <altmode>. Long typeouts can be flushed with <ctrl-S>.
Some useful commands are:
<direction> Walk in that direction. Common directions
are N, S, E, W, NE, NW, SE, SW, U(p), and D(own)
L(ook) Describe the surroundings.
I(nventory) Describe your possessions.
Diagnose Describe your state of health
Score Print your score & number of moves
Q(uit) Leave the game
Save/Restore Directory owners only - save/restore state of game
Bug Report a bug
Info Describe the goals of the game
Doc Game documentation (complete)

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Welcome to Zork!
You are near a large underground labyrinth, which is reputed to
contain vast quantities of treasure. Naturally, you wish to acquire
some of it. In order to do so, you must of course remove it from the
caverns; to receive full credit for it, you must deposit it safely in
the trophy case in the living room.
In addition to valuables, the cave contains various objects which
may or may not be useful in your attempt to get rich; you may need
sources of light, since caves are often dark, and weapons, since
dungeons often have unfriendly things wandering about. Reading material
is scattered around as well; some of it is rumoured to be useful.
To determine how successful you have been, there is a score kept.
When you find a valuable object (i.e., pick it up), you receive a
certain number of points, which depends on the difficulty of finding
it. You receive extra points for transporting the treasure safely to
the living room, and placing it in the trophy case. In addition,
some particularly interesting rooms have a value associated with
your entering them. The only penalty is for getting yourself killed,
which you may do only twice.
Of special note is a thief (always carrying a large bag) who likes
to wander around underground (he has never been seen by the light of
day). He likes to take things; since he steals for pleasure rather than
profit, and is sadistic, he only takes things which you have seen.
Although he prefers valuables, sometimes in his haste he may take
something which is worthless; from time to time, he examines his take
and discards objects which he doesn't like. He may occasionally stop in
a room you are visiting, but more often he just wanders through and rips
you off (he is a skilled pickpocket).
Have Fun!

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ZORK User Information
Editorials
I. Getting a ZORK
a. ITS: Say ZORK^K to DDT rather than :ZORK to get a zork.
b. 10X/20X: Invoke the local dungeon (usually ZORK.EXE)
1. Users on ITS: say ZORK^K to DDT rather than :ZORK to get a
zork--this keeps you from tying up more than one of the three
available slots.
2. Bugs, comments, etc. are always welcome.
Send mail to DUNGEON@MIT-DMS
II. Bugs, comments, suggestions...
Special characters, cautions, &c.
The characters ctrl-D and ctrl-L are useful for redisplaying what
you've typed before you terminate--particularly when you're on a
printing terminal (or TENEX/TOPS-20) where <rubout> echoes the
character deleted rather than erasing it. Ctrl-@ (null) deletes the
entire line you've typed.
Dungeon may occasionally type out a message 'GIN FREE STORAGE-
<long pause> GOUT TIME=10.92'. This indicates that a garbage
collection is occurring. We have attempted to prevent this, since it
may take a significant amount of real time on a loaded system; should
it ever occur, please send mail to DUNGEON@MIT-DMS describing the
circumstances--how many moves have been made, whether a RESTORE has
been done, and so on. THIS IS NOT FATAL: after the GOUT message is
printed, you may continue playing.
Always welcome and encouraged. All mail should be sent to
ZORK@MIT-DMS. ZORK has a BUG command, in addition, which
may be used to report strange happenings. Its use is described
below. Please note that for 10X/20X systems, net mail to ZORK
will be acted on much more quickly than BUG command reports.
Useful commands
If, in making a bug report, you know what symptoms were exhibited
by the program, PLEASE, PLEASE!!!!! include them. It is at best
extremely irritating and at worst useless to receive a bug report
like 'mumble frotz' loses, or 'try saying \"mumble frotz\"'. With
such reports, we have no way of knowing the situation when your
'mumble frotz' lost, and no way of knowing if any bug we manage
to reproduce (if we do) is the same one you saw. In consequence,
everyone's time is wasted.
The 'brief' command suppresses printing of long room descriptions
for rooms which have been visited. The 'unbrief' command turns this
off. The 'superbrief' command suppresses printing of long room
descriptions for all rooms; 'unsup' turns this off.
The 'info' command prints a file which might give some idea of
what the game is about.
The 'quit' command (or ctrl-G) prints your score, and asks whether
you wish to continue playing.
The 'script', 'unscript', 'save', and 'restore' commands are
useful if you are a local user.
Although the best way to report bugs is to send mail to
DUNGEON@MIT-DMS, there are 'bug' and 'feature' commands built in to
the game. These generate files which must, alas, be manually
transmitted to the maintainers. It is, however, better than nothing.
III. Typing to Zork.
A number of characters in Zork have special effects. These
include a number of line editing commands. The characters are:
<rubout> or <backspace>: delete the last character typed
<ctrl-W>: delete the last word typed
<ctrl-U> or <ctrl-X> or <ctrl-@>: delete the entire buffer
<ctrl-D>: redisplay the buffer
<ctrl-L>: redisplay the buffer. Sometimes this also clears the
screen.
<altmode/cr>: terminate commands
<ctrl-S>: flush long typeouts
<ctrl-G>: like the QUIT command (vide infra)
<semicolon>: Causes the remainder of the command line to be ignored.
This may be useful for annotating hard copies/scripts of games.
IV. Garbage Collection
Zork may occasionally type out a message 'GIN FREE STORAGE-
<long pause> GOUT TIME=10.92'. This indicates that a garbage
collection is occurring. We have attempted to prevent this, since it
may take a significant amount of real time on a loaded system; should
it ever occur, please send mail to ZORK@MIT-DMS describing the
circumstances -- how many moves have been made, whether a RESTORE has
been done, and so on. THIS IS NOT FATAL: after the GOUT message is
printed, you may continue playing.
V. User Commands
The following commands may prove useful for the playing of Zork.
They are not, however, game commands (i.e. they have no side effects
in the current game).
a. Verbosity
Verbose: The default: print long room descriptions on first
visit, 20% of the time thereafter.
Brief: Supresses printing of long room descriptions for rooms
which have been visited. Short object descriptions
are also used in such rooms.
Super(brief): Suppresses printing of all long descriptions, even
on the first visit. Short object descriptions are
always used.
Noobj: Suppresses printing of object descriptions in rooms
already visited. See the 'object' command.
Note that the maximally verbose description (that printed on the
first visit to a room in verbose mode) may always be obtained by
saying 'look'. See also the 'room' and 'object' commands.
b. Help
Dungeon Command Parser
Info: Prints a file which might give some idea of
what the game is about.
Help: Prints a short summary of useful commands.
A command is one line of text terminated by a carriage return.
For reasons of simplicity all words are distinguished by their first
five letters. All others are ignored. For example, your typing
'DISASSEMBLE THE ENCYLOPEDIA' while meaningless is also creating
excess effort for your fingers. Note also that ambiguities can be
introduced by this: 'unscr' is 'UNSCRipt', not 'UNSCRew'.
Doc: Prints this.
c. Progress
Quit: Prints your score, and asks whether you wish to
continue playing.
Score: Deflate your ego.
Time: Describe how much of eternity you have injured.
Versi(on): Describe the current version.
d. Hard copy (directory owners only!)
Scrip(t): Script to a file ZORK.SCRIPT
Unscr(ipt): End scripting
e. Save/restore (directory owners only!)
Save: Save the game for future continuation (to ZORK.SAVE)
Resto(re): Restore a saved game (from ZORK.SAVE)
Only the player who created the save file can restore
it at a later time! You are warned.
f. Bugs, etc.
Bug: Although the best way to report bugs is to send mail
to ZORK@MIT-DMS, there is a 'bug' and command
built in to the game. This generates files which
must, alas, be manually transmitted to the
maintainers. It is, however, better than nothing.
Featu(re): Like Bug, to make a suggestion for a feature.
g. General
Again: Repeat the last input.
Look: Describe the current surroundings. 'L' is equivalent.
Room: Print the verbose description of the room, without
mentioning any objects.
Rname: Print the short description of the room.
Object: Print the verbose description of all the objects in
the room, without describing the room. 'Look' is
equivalent to a 'room' command followed by an
'object' command.
Inven(t): Describe your possessions. 'I' is equivalent.
Diagn(ose): Describe your state of health.
Wait: Causes 'time' to pass.
Oops: Corrects a misspelled word: As an example,
for 'I don't know the word TORHC' -> say 'OOPS TORCH'.
VI. Zork Command Parser
A command is one line of text terminated by a carriage return or
altmode. For reasons of simplicity all words are distinguished by
their first five letters. All others are ignored. For example,
typing 'DISASSEMBLE THE ENCYLOPEDIA', while meaningless, is also
creating excess finger motion. Note also that ambiguities can be
introduced by this: 'unscr' is 'UNSCRipt', not 'UNSCRew'.
You are talking to a moderately stupid parser, which understands
the following types of things.
You are talking to a fairly stupid parser, which understands the
following types of things.
Actions:
Among the more obvious of these, TAKE, DROP, etc. Fairly general
forms of these may be used: PICK UP, PUT DOWN, etc.
Among the more obvious of these, TAKE, DROP, etc. Fairly general
forms of these may be used: PICK UP, PUT DOWN, etc.
Directions:
NORTH, SOUTH, UP, DOWN, etc. and their various abbreviations.
Other more obscure directions (LAND, CLIMB) are appropriate in
only certain situations. Because words are only five letters,
you must say 'nw' for 'northwest': the latter is truncated to
'north', which isn't quite what you had in mind.
NORTH, SOUTH, UP, DOWN, etc. and their various abbreviations.
Other more obscure directions (LAND, CLIMB) are appropriate in
only certain situations. Because words are only five letters,
you must say 'nw' for 'northwest': the latter is truncated to
'north', which isn't quite what you had in mind.
Objects:
Most objects have names, and can be referenced by them. At most,
two objects can be specified in one command.
Most objects have names, and can be referenced by them.
Adjectives:
Some adjectives are understood and are required when there are
two objects which can be referenced with the same 'name' (e.g.
DOORs, BUTTONs)
Some adjectives are understood and are required when there are
two objects which can be referenced with the same 'name' (e.g.
DOORs, BUTTONs)
Prepositions:
It may be necessary in some cases to include prepositions, but
the parser attempts to handle cases which aren't ambiguous
without. Thus 'Give car to demon' will work, as will 'Give demon
car.' When a preposition is used, it should be appropriate:
'Give car with demon' does not parse.
It may be necessary in some cases to include prepositions, but
the parser attempts to handle cases which aren't ambiguous
without. Thus 'Give car to demon' will work, as will 'Give demon
car.' 'Give car demon' probably won't do anything interesting.
When a preposition is used, it should be appropriate: 'Give car
with demon' does not parse.
Sentences:
The parser understands a reasonable number of things. Rather
than listing them, we advise you to do reasonable things. Note
that several sentences may be typed on the same line, separated
by periods or by 'and': 'n.e.s.w.open mailb and read' will [try
to] do just that.
The parser understands a reasonable number of things. Rather
than listing them, we advise you to do reasonable things.
Multiple Objects:
Sentences of the following forms will parse:
Sentences of the following forms will parse:
Put A and B and C in trophy case
Put A, B, and C in trophy case
Give A and B to the troll
The following will not:
The following will not:
Put A B in case
Take A B C
The point is that an AND or a <period> are required so as not
to hopelessly confuse the parser.
Special objects named 'everything' and 'valuables' exist; one
may, for example, say 'take everything' and 'put valuables in
trophy case'.
Multiple commands:
Several commands may be included on a single line. They must be
separated by 'then' or '.'. Thus:
TAKE BOOK. N. DROP BOOK AND CANDLE
is correct. Note that the use of a comma between commands will
cause the command line to be parsed incorrectly: comma should
only be used between multiple objects.
The point is that an AND or a <comma> are required so as not
to hopelessly confuse the parser.
Ambiguity:
The parser tries to be clever about what to do in the case of
actions which require objects in the case that the object is not
specified. If there is only one possible object, the parser will
assume that it should be used. Otherwise, the parser will ask.
Most questions asked by the parser can be answered (e.g. With
what?).
The parser tries to be clever about what to do in the case of
actions which require objects in the case that the object is not
specified. If there is only one possible object, the parser will
assume that it should be used. Otherwise, the parser will ask.
Most questions asked by the parser can be answered (e.g. With
what?).
Errors:
Inventory: Lists the objects in your possession.
There are a number of errors which the parser may find in an input
sentence. Some of the more common ones are listed here:
1. 'I don't know the word ZROK'. Probably the most common parser
error. To correct the spelling of a work, use the OOPS command.
In this case, 'OOPS ZORK' would be the correct thing.
2. 'I can't make sense out of that.'. This error means that there
is no known syntax that matches the input. For example, saying
'PUT X WITH Y' does not match any known form for the verb 'PUT'.
This error never implies that the idea of the command was not
good, but rather that the parser doesn't know that form of the
verb. It's usually best to try another way of saying the same
thing.
3. 'Huh?'. A command usually without a noun or a verb. Sometimes
this is confusing, because a word thought to be a noun was really
an adjective. This is the case with, for example, 'GOLD'.
Other commands which cause this are: 'WITH' and 'THE'.
4. 'I can't see any <thing> here.'. An object represented by
'thing' was not found within the room or on your person.
5. 'It's too dark in here to see.'. A reference was made to
an object within an unlighted room.
6. 'I can't reach the <thing> from within the <vehicle>'. This
means that the <thing> referenced was within the room proper,
while you are in a vehicle within that room. Some vehicles
will not allow access to objects outside of themselves.
7. 'That doesn't make any sense.' Usually this will mean that
something like 'TAKE THE COIL OF KEYS' instead of the 'SET'
of keys. In the general case, 'THE <x> of <y>' is legal only
if <x> and <y> are names for the same thing.
8. 'Two verbs in command?' The parser believes that two verbs
were in the command. If you check carefully, you will find
that one of the words is really a verb, and not a noun as
supposed.
9. 'Double preposition?' Try 'TAKE WITH IN MAILBOX'.
10. 'Multiple inputs cannot be used with <verb>'. It is only
legal to use multiple inputs with certain verbs. The ones
which come to mind are TAKE, DROP, and PUT.
11. 'Too many objects specified?' A legal command may contain
at most two object references.
12. 'Beg pardon?'. A null input was parsed.
VII. Theories
The following 'theories' are fundamental to the game and should
be noted:
Look: Prints a description of your surroundings.
Containment:
Some objects can contain other objects. Many such containers
can be opened and closed; the rest are always open. They may or
may not be transparent. For you to access (take, for example)
an object which is in a container, the container must be open;
for you to see such an object, the container must either be open
or transparent. Containers have a capacity, and objects have
sizes; the number of objects which will fit therefore depends on
their sizes. You may "put" any object you have access to (it
need not be in your hands) into any other object; at some point,
the program will attempt to pick it up if you don't already have
it, which process may fail if you're carrying too much.
Although containers can contain other containers, the program
doesn't access more than one level down.
Some objects can contain other objects. Many such containers can
be opened and closed; the rest are always open. They may or may
not be transparent. For you to access (take, for example) an
object which is in a container, the container must be open; for you
to see such an object, the container must either be open or
transparent. Containers have a capacity, and objects have sizes;
the number of objects which will fit therefore depends on their
sizes. You may "put" any object you have access to (it need not be
in your hands) into any other object; at some point, the program
will attempt to pick it up if you don't already have it, which
process may fail if you're carrying too much. Although containers
can contain other containers, the program doesn't access more than
one level down.
Fighting:
Occupants of the dungeon will, as a rule, fight back when
attacked; they may in some cases attack you unprovoked. Useful
verbs here are 'attack <villain> with <weapon>', 'kill', etc.
Knife-throwing may or may not be useful. The adventurer has a
fighting strength, which varies with time: in particular, being
in a fight, getting killed, and getting injured, all lower it.
One's carrying capacity may also be reduced after a fight.
Strength is regained with time. (Thus, it is not a good idea to
fight someone immediately after being killed.) Other details
may become apparent in the course of a few melees. The
'diagnose' command describes your state of health.
Occupants of the dungeon will, as a rule, fight back when
attacked; they may in some cases attack you unprovoked. Useful
verbs here are 'attack <villain> with <weapon>', 'kill', etc.
Knife-throwing may or may not be useful. The adventurer has a
fighting strength, which varies with time: in particular, being
in a fight, getting killed, and getting injured, all lower it.
One's carrying capacity may also be reduced after a fight.
Strength is regained with time. (Thus, it is not a good idea to
fight someone immediately after being killed.) Other details
may become apparent in the course of a few melees. The
'diagnose' command describes your state of health.
Vehicles:
There are some objects in the labyrinth which are rumoured to have
the ability to transport the fearless adventurer to mysterious
regions which are inaccessible on foot. Needless to say, the
adventurer faces great personal peril as he encounters these
regions. The 'vehicles' can usually be entered with the 'board'
command, and can be exited with the 'disembark' command.

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