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CUBE, Rubik's cube.
Files provided by the author, Bernard Greenberg.
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Lars Brinkhoff
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doc/bsg/cube.info
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doc/bsg/cube.info
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Rubik (Hungarian) Cube modelling/solving system --
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-Bernard Greenberg 21 October 1980
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This system consists of programs that know how to model, manipulate,
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and "solve" (return to 6-faces-solid state) the 3x3x3 colored-cube problem
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invented by Rubik, the Hungarian architect.
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The Cube consists of a 2-inch cube divided into (apparently) 27 smaller
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cubes. Initially, each face of the large cube is of the same color. Each
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face of the (large) cube is thus divided into nine squares. Each face of the
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(large) cube can be rotated fully, 360 degrees, dynamically changing three of
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the squares of each of its (four) neighboring faces as it rotates. Thus,
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the colors of the squares on the faces are permuted by rotating
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different faces of the (large) cube successively. The goal of the problem
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is to return to cube to the state where each face is of a solid color,
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by rotating faces until this is true. The problem is extremely difficult
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(solutions in less than 72 hours are unheard of), as turning any face
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destroys any work accomplished in almost any other face in achieving the goal.
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The system basically displays the 6 faces of the cube, allows you to
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"select" a face and rotate it, (any number of times/faces), randomize the
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cube by generating turns from a random number generator, and features a
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solution algorithm of my own devising. The system allows saving and
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restoring of cube images.
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The systems exists in three implementations, Multics, ITS, and the
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Lisp Machine (LISPM). All three implementations basically do the
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same thing, and accept the same commands (although the LISPM and Multics
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version have a few extra commands, and the LISPM actually draws cubes,
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in color on Color LISPM's).
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On Multics, the implementation is as an Emacs Mode. Type ESC-X
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loadfile>udd>m>bsg>cube-mode CR. To start it up, type ESC-X hack-cube
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CR.To find out the repertoire of commands, do an ESC-X describe hack-cube
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CR, and an apropos of "cube" after having done a hack-cube, and ESC-?
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individual commands.
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On ITS, invoke :CUBE on AI, MC, or ML. The repertoire of commands
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will be displayed. Commands are single character, and acted upon
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immediately. Only display terminals are supported.
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On a Lisp Machine, a cube is actually portrayed and updated
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on the screen, and in color if you have it. To load the appropriate files,
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do (load "bsg;cubpkg"). To run it, then do "(cube)". The first
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time you do so, it will take a minute or so.
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The source for this system is kept as follows. On MIT-Multics, the
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segments are in >udd>m>bsg>cbd. On System M, they are in
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>udd>m>bsg>cbd>cube.archive. On MIT-AI, they are in the BSG dir. The
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LISPM system is also on AI:BSG.
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The following are the source modules. Note that some are missing or
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non-implemented in some implementations.
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This group of modules is IDENTICAL across implementations:
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Multics ITS LISPM Description
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cube.lisp CUBE > CUBE > Cube representation/manip.
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cube-utils.lisp CUTILS > CUTILS > Utilities for solver
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solve-cube.lisp CSOLVE > CSOLVE > Solution algorithm
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cube-dcls.incl.lisp CUBE DCLS CBDCLS > Macros for above two pgms.
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cube-solve-dcls.incl.lisp CSOLVE DCLS CSDCLS > Macros for solver.
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(not implemented yet) CINPUT > -not-yet- Cube input-file reader
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(not installed) CXFRM > CXFRM > Pre-stored transforms.
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-not-yet- CUBE TEMPLT CUBE TEMPLT template input file
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once-only.incl.lisp OONL > OONL > A hairy lisp macro needed.
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These next modules are completely different for each system. They implement
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the command interface:
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cube-mode.lisp Emacs mode for Multics impl
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CDRIV > Video Lisp driver for ITS
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QQC > Driver for Lispm, window
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system hackery.
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The following modules are specific to the Lisp Machine implementation:
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CUBPKG > Package definition for cube system.
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CUBRDF > Redefinitions to patch around Lisp Machine bugs.
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QCOLOR > Cube color/stipple projection/display.
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Dave Christman (DPC) worked with me on QCOLOR/QQC.
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81
doc/bsg/cube.templt
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doc/bsg/cube.templt
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(INTRODUCTION
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(|A shorter version of this file without instructions is AI:BSG;CUBE BFTPLT|)
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|This file is a template for inputting cube configurations to the
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cube program. It is Lisp-readable. To use it, COPY it and follow
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instructions. Consider your cube unwrapped as the floor-plan
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of a Gothic Cathedral:
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U U U
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U U U
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U U U
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L L L F F F R R R B B B
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L L L F F F R R R B B B
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L L L F F F R R R B B B
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D D D
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D D D
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D D D
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(The transept U and D are the TOP and BOTTOM, the nave L F R B
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is the Left Front Right and Back (U/D notation for top/bottom
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due to Singmaster, to disambiguate Back/Bottom in English.))
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Below I have put the colors for my personal cube in its rest state.
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Edit your COPY of this file so that it corresponds to your cube. The
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orientations of the sides in this file are as in the plan above. You
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may use abbreviations for the colors: R = red, O = orange, etc. B is
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assumed to be blue, if you have black you must say it. You may edit
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out this leading comment from your files, but the other comments must
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stay.|)
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(TOP |of your cube. The top row here adjoins the back,
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the bottom adjoins the front, the left and right sides
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adjoin the left and right of the cube, respectively|)
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WHITE WHITE WHITE
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WHITE WHITE WHITE
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WHITE WHITE WHITE
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(LHS |(Left hand side) of your cube. The top row here adjoins the
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top of your cube, and the bottom row adjoins the bottom.
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The left side of this face adjoins the back, the right the front.|)
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BLUE BLUE BLUE
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BLUE BLUE BLUE
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BLUE BLUE BLUE
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(FRONT |of your cube. The top row here is the top, the bottom the
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bottom, the left the left, and the right the right.|)
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RED RED RED
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RED RED RED
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RED RED RED
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(RHS |(Right hand side) of your cube. The top row here adjoins
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the top of your cube, the bottom row the bottom. The
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left and right sides adjoin the front and back, respectively.|)
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GREEN GREEN GREEN
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GREEN GREEN GREEN
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GREEN GREEN GREEN
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(BACK |of your cube. The top row here adjoins the top of your cube,
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and the bottom row the bottom. The left and right edges
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of this entry adjoin what are normally the right and left
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hand sides of the cube, since this is the back.|)
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ORANGE ORANGE ORANGE
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ORANGE ORANGE ORANGE
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ORANGE ORANGE ORANGE
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(BOTTOM |of your cube. The top row here adjoins the front of your
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cube. The bottom row adjoins the back. The left and right
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adjoin the normal left and right hand facesof the cube.|)
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YELLOW YELLOW YELLOW
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YELLOW YELLOW YELLOW
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YELLOW YELLOW YELLOW
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(END |of cube input template. Read this COPIED file in via the
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^F command of :cube.|)
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