APPLE LOGO Usage documentation: Arguments: {word} must evaluate to a (quoted) word or a number {list} must evaluate to a list {word/list} must evaluate to either a {word} or a {list} as defined above {number} must evaluate to a number or a word which is a legal number {boolean} must evaluate to "TRUE or "FALSE Categories: Quantifier Graphics Editor Screen Editor Word/List Control System Workspace Comment Input Output Boolean Infix Boolean Filing Exit Arithmetic Infix Arithmetic Prefix Arithmetic Command/Abbreviation/Inputs/Type: ALL Quantifier BACK BK {number} Graphics BOTH {boolean} {boolean} Boolean BUTFIRST BF {word/list} Word/List BUTLAST BL {word/list} Word/List CHANGE CHG Editor This is the original procedure editor. It gives the ">" prompt and requires END to terminate. Commands such as PO and ER are executed immediately, unless they are on numbered lines. CLEAR Output Clears the text screen and homes the input cursor. CLEARINPUT Input Clears the input character buffer. Useful for programs which use real-time keyboard input. CLEARSCREEN CS Graphics Clears the graphics screen, homes and shows the turtle. Inititates graphics mode if necessary (mixed text/graphics). CONTINUE CO Control CURSOR {number} {number} Output Takes column, row as input and positions the input cursor there. Columns are 0-39, rows are 0-23. DEFINE DE {word} {list} Workspace DELETE {word} Filing Deletes a file from the disk. DIFFERENCE {number} {number} Arithmetic EDIT ED Screen Editor Enters the screen editor with a given procedure. EITHER {boolean} {boolean} Boolean ELSE Control EMPTY? {word/list} Boolean END Editor EQUAL? {word/list} {word/list} Boolean ERASE ER Workspace FIRST {word/list} Word/List FORWARD FD {number} Graphics FPUT Word/List FULL Graphics In graphics mode, gives full graphics screen. Complementary to MIX. Equivalent to interrupt character Control-F. GO {word} Control GOODBYE Exit GREATER? {number} {number} Boolean HEADING Graphics HIDETURTLE HT Graphics HOME Graphics IF Control INTEGER INT {number} Arithmetic LAST {word/list} Word/List LEFT LT {number} Graphics LESS? {number} {number} Boolean LIST Variable number of {word/list}'s - 2 default Word/List LIST? {word/list} Boolean LPUT {word/list} {list} Word/List MAKE {word} {word/list} Workspace MIX Graphics In graphics mode, gives mixed text/graphics screen. Complementary to FULL. Equivalent to interrupt character Control-L. NAMES Quantifier NODISPLAY ND Graphics Exits graphics mode, giving a clear text page with the cursor homed. NOT {boolean} Boolean NUMBER? {word/list} Boolean OUTPUT OP {word/list} Control PAUSE Control Stops execution and allows input to be evaluated. Equivalent to interrupt character Control-Z. Execution is resumed with CONTINUE, provided no errors have occured. PENDOWN PD Graphics PENUP PU Graphics POTS Workspace PRINT PR Variable number of {word/list}'s - 1 default Output PRINT1 Variable number of {word/list}'s - 1 default Output Like PRINT, but does not terminate the output line. PRINTOUT PO Workspace PROCEDURES Quantifier PRODUCT {number} {number} Arithmetic QUOTIENT {number} {number} Arithmetic RANDOM Arithmetic Returns a random number 0-9. Identical seeds will give repeatable sequences of random numbers. See RANDOMIZE. RANDOMIZE Arithmetic Randomizes the seed for RANDOM. The seed can also be initialized in certain cases by depositing into the RNDL and RNDH memory locations. READ {word} Filing Reads a file from disk. See the Filing comments. Destroys any graphics display. READCHARACTER RC Input Outputs the least recent character in the character buffer, or if empty, waits for an input character. REPEAT {number} {list} Control REQUEST RQ Input RETRIEVE Screen Editor Re-enters the editor with the previous buffer's contents if they are still retrievable (i.e., no graphics or filing has been done since the last screen editor session, provided there was a previous one). Useful if an error occurred while the contents of the edit buffer were being evaluated. RIGHT RT {number} Graphics RUN {list} Control SAVE {word} Filing Saves the contents of the workspace on disk. See the Filing comments. Destroys any graphics display. SENTENCE SE Variable number of {word/list}'s - 2 default Word/List SETHEADING SETH {number} Graphics SETTURTLE SETT {list} Graphics Sets the turtle according to a variable-length list of elements. First element is XCOR, then YCOR, then HEADING, then "TRUE or "FALSE for show or hide turtle, then "TRUE or "FALSE for pen down or pen up. Complementary to TURTLESTATE. SETX {number} Graphics SETXY {number} {number} Graphics SETY {number} Graphics SHOWTURTLE ST Graphics STOP Control SUM {number} {number} Arithmetic TEXT {word} Workspace THEN Control THING {word} Workspace THING? {word} Boolean TITLE TI Editor TITLES Quantifier TO Screen Editor Procedure definition primitive. Enters the Screen Editor. Destroys any graphics display. TRACEBACK TB Debugging TURTLESTATE TS Graphics Returns a list of five elements. First is XCOR, then YCOR, then HEADING, then "TRUE or "FALSE for shown or hidden turtle, then "TRUE or "FALSE for pen down or pen up. Complementary to SETTURTLE. WORD Variable number of {word}'s - 2 default Word/List WORD? {word/list} Boolean XCOR Graphics YCOR Graphics ( Syntax ) Syntax * {number} * {number} Infix Arithmetic + {number} + {number} Infix Arithmetic + {number} Prefix Arithmetic - {number} - {number} Infix Arithmetic - {number} Prefix Arithmetic .BPT System Breaks out of LOGO into the LOGO monitor. See the LOGO Monitor comments. Control-B breaks from LOGO monitor into ROM Monitor, and then another Control-B will enter BASIC. The RESET key should be pressed upon entering BASIC after using LOGO, to reinitialize certain BASIC parameters. .CALL {number} System Calls a machine language subroutine anyplace in memory, which is expected to do an RTS or a JMP to the POPJ label. .DEPOSIT {number} {number} System Deposits byte of data at a memory location. .EXAMINE {number} System Returns the value of the byte at the specified address. .GCOLL System .NODES System / {number} / {number} Infix Arithmetic ; Comment < {number} < {number} Infix Boolean = {word/list} = {word/list} Infix Boolean > {number} > {number} Infix Boolean Interrupt characters: Control-G Stops execution and returns control to toplevel. Control-Z Stops execution and allows input to be evaluated (see PAUSE). Control-S Stops screen output - typing any character will resume output. Control-F In graphics mode, displays a full screen of graphics (see FULL). Control-L In graphics mode, displays a mixed text/graphics screen (see MIX).