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simh.simh/Altair8800/s100_simh.c
Patrick Linstruth d81cb4fc48 Altair8800: SIMH device and WD17XX API corrections 
SIMH: Adds support for wildcard filename transfers
WD17XX: Corrects a problem with DRQ status
2025-11-23 19:27:16 -05:00

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/* s100_simh.c: MITS Altair 8800 SIMH Pseudo Device
Copyright (c) 2025 Patrick A. Linstruth
Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a
copy of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"),
to deal in the Software without restriction, including without limitation
the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense,
and/or sell copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the
Software is furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL
PETER SCHORN BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER
IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN
CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
Except as contained in this notice, the name of Patrick Linstruth shall not
be used in advertising or otherwise to promote the sale, use or other dealings
in this Software without prior written authorization from Patrick Linstruth.
Based on work by Charles E Owen (c) 1997
Based on work by Peter Schorn (c) 2002-2023
History:
07-Nov-2025 Initial version
*/
#include "sim_defs.h"
#include "s100_bus.h"
#include "s100_cpu.h"
#include "s100_simh.h"
static t_stat simh_reset(DEVICE *dptr);
static int32 simh_io_status(const int32 port, const int32 io, const int32 data);
static int32 simh_io_data(const int32 port, const int32 io, const int32 data);
static int32 simh_io_cmd(const int32 port, const int32 io, const int32 data);
static int32 simh_cmd_in(const int32 port);
static int32 simh_cmd_out(const int32 port, const int32 data);
static t_stat simh_show_help(FILE *st, DEVICE *dptr, UNIT *uptr, int32 flag, const char *cptr);
static void deleteNameList(void);
static void processDirEntry(const char *directory, const char *filename, t_offset FileSize, const struct stat *filestat, void *context);
static void createCPMCommandLine(void);
static void attachCPM(UNIT *uptr, int32 readOnly);
static void detachCPM(UNIT *uptr);
static IDEV idev_stat[2] = { {NULL, NULL}, {NULL, NULL} }; /* Save IO devices on 0x12 and 0x13 */
static IDEV idev_data[2] = { {NULL, NULL}, {NULL, NULL} }; /* Save IO devices on 0x12 and 0x13 */
/* Debug flags */
#define IN_MSG (1 << 0)
#define OUT_MSG (1 << 1)
#define CMD_MSG (1 << 2)
#define VERBOSE_MSG (1 << 3)
/* Debug Flags */
static DEBTAB generic_dt[] = {
{ "IN", IN_MSG, "IN messages" },
{ "OUT", OUT_MSG, "OUT messages" },
{ "CMD", CMD_MSG, "Commands" },
{ "VERBOSE", VERBOSE_MSG, "Verbose messages" },
{ NULL, 0 }
};
#define CPM_COMMAND_LINE_LENGTH 128
#define CPM_FCB_ADDRESS 0x0080 /* Default FCB address for CP/M. */
#define SIMH_CAN_READ 0x01 /* bit 0 is set iff character available */
#define SIMH_CAN_WRITE 0x02 /* bit 1 is set iff character can be sent */
#define SIMH_RESET 0x03 /* Command to reset SIMH */
#define CONTROLZ_CHAR 0x1a /* control Z character */
/* SIMH pseudo device status registers */
/* miscellaneous */
static int32 versionPos = 0; /* determines state for sending device identifier */
static int32 lastCPMStatus = 0; /* result of last attachCPM command */
static int32 lastCommand = 0; /* most recent command processed on port 0xfeh */
/* Set FCB Address (needed for MS-DOS READ and WRITE commands. */
static int32 FCBAddress = CPM_FCB_ADDRESS; /* FCB Address */
static int32 warnLevelSIMH = 3; /* display at most 'warnLevelSIMH' times the same warning */
static int32 warnUnattachedSIMH = 0; /* display a warning message if < warnLevel and SIMH set to
VERBOSE and output to SIMH without an attached file */
static int32 warnSIMHEOF = 0; /* display a warning message if < warnLevel and SIMH set to
VERBOSE and attempt to read from SIMH past EOF */
/* Synthetic device SIMH for communication
between Altair and SIMH environment using port 0xfe */
static UNIT simh_unit = {
UDATA (NULL, UNIT_ATTABLE | UNIT_ROABLE, 0)
};
static REG simh_reg[] = {
{ DRDATAD (VPOS, versionPos, 8,
"Status register for sending version information"), REG_RO },
{ DRDATAD (LCPMS, lastCPMStatus, 8,
"Result of last attachCPM command"), REG_RO },
{ DRDATAD (LCMD, lastCommand, 8,
"Last command processed on SIMH port"), REG_RO },
{ HRDATAD (FCBA, FCBAddress, 16,
"Address of the FCB for file operations") },
{ NULL }
};
static MTAB simh_mod[] = {
{ UNIT_SIMH_VERBOSE, UNIT_SIMH_VERBOSE, "VERBOSE", "VERBOSE", NULL, NULL,
NULL, "Enable verbose messages" },
{ UNIT_SIMH_VERBOSE, 0, "QUIET", "QUIET", NULL, NULL,
NULL, "Disable verbose messages" },
{ 0 }
};
const char* simh_description(DEVICE *dptr) {
return "SIMH Pseudo Device";
}
DEVICE simh_dev = {
"SIMH", &simh_unit, simh_reg, simh_mod,
1, ADDRRADIX, ADDRWIDTH, 1, DATARADIX, DATAWIDTH,
NULL, NULL, &simh_reset,
NULL, NULL, NULL,
NULL, (DEV_DISABLE | DEV_DEBUG), 0,
generic_dt, NULL, NULL, &simh_show_help, NULL, NULL, &simh_description
};
typedef struct NameNode {
char *name;
struct NameNode *next;
} NameNode_t;
static char cpmCommandLine[CPM_COMMAND_LINE_LENGTH];
static NameNode_t *nameListHead = NULL;
static NameNode_t *currentName = NULL;
static int32 currentNameIndex = 0;
static int32 lastPathSeparatorIndex = 0;
static int32 firstPathCharacterIndex = 0;
/* Z80 or 8080 programs communicate with the SIMH pseudo device via port 0xfe.
The following principles apply:
1) For commands that do not require parameters and do not return results
ld a,<cmd>
out (0feh),a
Special case is the reset command which needs to be send 128 times to make
sure that the internal state is properly reset.
2) For commands that require parameters and do not return results
ld a,<cmd>
out (0feh),a
ld a,<p1>
out (0feh),a
ld a,<p2>
out (0feh),a
...
Note: The calling program must send all parameter bytes. Otherwise
the pseudo device is left in an undefined state.
3) For commands that do not require parameters and return results
ld a,<cmd>
out (0feh),a
in a,(0feh) ; <A> contains first byte of result
in a,(0feh) ; <A> contains second byte of result
...
Note: The calling program must request all bytes of the result. Otherwise
the pseudo device is left in an undefined state.
4) For commands that do require parameters and return results
ld a,<cmd>
out (0feh),a
ld a,<p1>
out (0feh),a
ld a,<p2>
out (0feh),a
... ; send all parameters
in a,(0feh) ; <A> contains first byte of result
in a,(0feh) ; <A> contains second byte of result
...
*/
/* simhPseudoDeviceCommands - do not change command numbers */
#define resetPTRCmd 3 /* 3 reset the PTR device */
#define attachPTRCmd 4 /* 4 attach the PTR device */
#define detachPTRCmd 5 /* 5 detach the PTR device */
#define getSIMHVersionCmd 6 /* 6 get the current version of the SIMH pseudo device */
#define resetSIMHInterfaceCmd 14 /* 14 reset the SIMH pseudo device */
#define attachPTPCmd 16 /* 16 attach PTP to the file with name at beginning of CP/M command line*/
#define detachPTPCmd 17 /* 17 detach PTP */
#define setZ80CPUCmd 19 /* 19 set the CPU to a Z80 */
#define set8080CPUCmd 20 /* 20 set the CPU to an 8080 */
#define getHostOSPathSeparatorCmd 28 /* 28 obtain the file path separator of the OS under which SIMH runs */
#define getHostFilenamesCmd 29 /* 29 perform wildcard expansion and obtain list of file names */
#define kSimhPseudoDeviceCommands 35 /* Highest AltairZ80 SIMH command */
static const char *cmdNames[kSimhPseudoDeviceCommands] = {
"Undefined",
"Undefined",
"Undefined",
"resetPTR",
"attachPTR",
"detachPTR",
"getSIMHVersion",
"Undefined",
"Undefined",
"Undefined",
"Undefined",
"Undefined",
"Undefined",
"Undefined",
"resetSIMHInterface",
"Undefined",
"attachPTP",
"detachPTP",
"Undefined",
"setZ80CPU",
"set8080CPU",
"Undefined",
"Undefined",
"Undefined",
"Undefined",
"Undefined",
"Undefined",
"Undefined",
"getHostOSPathSeparator",
"getHostFilenames",
"Undefined",
"Undefined",
"Undefined",
"Undefined",
"Undefined",
};
static char version[] = "SIMH005";
static t_stat simh_reset(DEVICE *dptr) {
if (dptr->flags & DEV_DIS) {
s100_bus_remio(0xfe, 1, &simh_io_cmd); /* Command Port */
}
else {
s100_bus_addio(0xfe, 1, &simh_io_cmd, "SIMH"); /* Command Port */
}
versionPos = 0;
lastCommand = 0;
lastCPMStatus = SCPE_OK;
FCBAddress = CPM_FCB_ADDRESS;
if (simh_unit.flags & UNIT_ATT) { /* not attached */
detachCPM(&simh_unit);
}
return SCPE_OK;
}
static void deleteNameList(void)
{
while (nameListHead != NULL) {
NameNode_t *next = nameListHead -> next;
free(nameListHead -> name);
free(nameListHead);
nameListHead = next;
}
currentName = NULL;
currentNameIndex = 0;
}
static void processDirEntry(const char *directory, const char *filename, t_offset FileSize, const struct stat *filestat, void *context)
{
if (filename != NULL) {
NameNode_t *top = (NameNode_t *) malloc(sizeof(NameNode_t));
if (top) {
top->name = strdup(filename);
top->next = nameListHead;
nameListHead = top;
}
}
}
static void createCPMCommandLine(void) {
int32 i, len = (s100_bus_memr(FCBAddress) & 0x7f); /* 0x80 contains length of command line, discard first char */
for (i = 0; i < len - 1; i++) {
cpmCommandLine[i] = (char) s100_bus_memr(FCBAddress + 0x02 + i); /* the first char, typically ' ', is discarded */
}
cpmCommandLine[i] = 0; /* make C string */
}
/* The CP/M command line is used as the name of a file and UNIT* uptr is attached to it. */
static void attachCPM(UNIT *uptr, int32 readOnly)
{
createCPMCommandLine();
sim_debug(VERBOSE_MSG, &simh_dev, "SIMH: " ADDRESS_FORMAT
" CP/M command line='%s'.\n", s100_bus_get_addr(), cpmCommandLine);
if (readOnly) {
sim_switches = SWMASK('R') | SWMASK('Q');
}
else {
sim_switches = SWMASK('W') | SWMASK('N') | SWMASK('Q');
}
/* 'N' option makes sure that file is properly truncated if it had existed before */
sim_quiet = sim_switches & SWMASK('Q'); /* -q means quiet */
lastCPMStatus = attach_unit(uptr, cpmCommandLine);
if (lastCPMStatus != SCPE_OK) {
sim_debug(VERBOSE_MSG, &simh_dev, "SIMH: " ADDRESS_FORMAT
" Cannot open '%s' (%s).\n", s100_bus_get_addr(), cpmCommandLine,
sim_error_text(lastCPMStatus));
}
/* Save any devices attached to IO Port 0x12 and 0x13 */
s100_bus_get_idev(0x12, &idev_stat[0], &idev_stat[1]);
s100_bus_get_idev(0x13, &idev_data[0], &idev_data[1]);
s100_bus_addio(0x12, 1, &simh_io_status, "SIMHS"); /* Status Port */
s100_bus_addio(0x13, 1, &simh_io_data, "SIMHD"); /* Data Port */
simh_unit.u3 = FALSE; /* reset EOF indicator */
}
static void detachCPM(UNIT *uptr)
{
detach_unit(&simh_unit);
if (idev_stat[0].routine != NULL) {
s100_bus_addio_in(0x12, 1, idev_stat[0].routine, idev_stat[0].name); /* Status IN Port */
idev_stat[0].routine = NULL;
}
if (idev_stat[1].routine != NULL) {
s100_bus_addio_out(0x12, 1, idev_stat[1].routine, idev_stat[1].name); /* Status OUT Port */
idev_stat[1].routine = NULL;
}
if (idev_data[0].routine != NULL) {
s100_bus_addio_in(0x13, 1, idev_data[0].routine, idev_data[0].name); /* Data IN Port */
idev_data[0].routine = NULL;
}
if (idev_data[1].routine != NULL) {
s100_bus_addio_out(0x13, 1, idev_data[1].routine, idev_data[1].name); /* Data OUT Port */
idev_data[1].routine = NULL;
}
}
static int32 simh_cmd_in(const int32 port)
{
int32 result = 0;
switch(lastCommand) {
case attachPTRCmd:
case attachPTPCmd:
result = lastCPMStatus;
lastCommand = 0;
break;
case getSIMHVersionCmd:
result = version[versionPos++];
if (result == 0)
versionPos = lastCommand = 0;
break;
case getHostOSPathSeparatorCmd:
result = sim_file_path_separator;
break;
case getHostFilenamesCmd:
if (nameListHead != NULL) {
if (currentName == NULL) {
deleteNameList();
lastCommand = 0;
}
else if (firstPathCharacterIndex <= lastPathSeparatorIndex) {
result = cpmCommandLine[firstPathCharacterIndex++];
}
else {
result = currentName -> name[currentNameIndex];
if (result == 0) {
currentName = currentName -> next;
firstPathCharacterIndex = currentNameIndex = 0;
}
else {
currentNameIndex++;
}
}
}
break;
default:
sim_debug(VERBOSE_MSG, &simh_dev, "SIMH: " ADDRESS_FORMAT
" Undefined IN from SIMH pseudo device on port %03xh ignored.\n",
s100_bus_get_addr(), port);
result = lastCommand = 0;
}
return result;
}
static int32 simh_cmd_out(const int32 port, const int32 data)
{
t_stat result;
switch(lastCommand) {
default: /* lastCommand not yet set */
sim_debug(CMD_MSG, &simh_dev, "SIMH: " ADDRESS_FORMAT
" CMD(0x%02x) <- %i (0x%02x, '%s')\n",
s100_bus_get_addr(), port, data, data,
(0 <= data) && (data < kSimhPseudoDeviceCommands) ?
cmdNames[data] : "Unknown command");
lastCommand = data;
switch(data) {
case getSIMHVersionCmd:
versionPos = 0;
break;
case resetPTRCmd: /* reset ptr device */
break;
case attachPTRCmd: /* attach ptr to the file with name at beginning of CP/M command line */
attachCPM(&simh_unit, TRUE);
break;
case detachPTRCmd: /* detach ptr */
detachCPM(&simh_unit);
break;
case attachPTPCmd: /* attach ptp to the file with name at beginning of CP/M command line */
attachCPM(&simh_unit, FALSE);
break;
case detachPTPCmd: /* detach ptp */
detachCPM(&simh_unit);
break;
case resetSIMHInterfaceCmd:
lastCommand = 0;
FCBAddress = CPM_FCB_ADDRESS;
break;
case setZ80CPUCmd:
cpu_set_chiptype(CHIP_TYPE_Z80);
break;
case set8080CPUCmd:
cpu_set_chiptype(CHIP_TYPE_8080);
break;
case getHostOSPathSeparatorCmd:
break;
case getHostFilenamesCmd: /* list files of host file directory */
if (nameListHead == NULL) {
createCPMCommandLine();
lastPathSeparatorIndex = 0;
while (cpmCommandLine[lastPathSeparatorIndex]) {
lastPathSeparatorIndex++;
}
while ((lastPathSeparatorIndex >= 0) && (cpmCommandLine[lastPathSeparatorIndex] != sim_file_path_separator)) {
lastPathSeparatorIndex--;
}
firstPathCharacterIndex = 0;
deleteNameList();
result = sim_dir_scan(cpmCommandLine, processDirEntry, NULL);
if (result == SCPE_OK) {
currentName = nameListHead;
currentNameIndex = 0;
}
else {
deleteNameList();
sim_debug(VERBOSE_MSG, &simh_dev, "SIMH: " ADDRESS_FORMAT " Cannot expand '%s'. Error is %s.\n",
s100_bus_get_addr(), cpmCommandLine, sim_error_text(result));
}
}
break;
default:
sim_debug(CMD_MSG, &simh_dev, "SIMH: " ADDRESS_FORMAT
" Unknown command (%i) to SIMH pseudo device on port %03xh ignored.\n",
s100_bus_get_addr(), data, port);
}
}
return 0xff; /* ignored, since OUT */
}
/* port 0x12 is a device for communication SIMH <--> Altair machine */
static int32 simh_io_status(const int32 port, const int32 io, const int32 data)
{
if (io == S100_IO_READ) { /* IN */
if ((simh_unit.flags & UNIT_ATT) == 0) { /* SIMH is not attached */
if ((simh_dev.dctrl & VERBOSE_MSG) && (warnUnattachedSIMH < warnLevelSIMH)) {
warnUnattachedSIMH++;
sim_debug(VERBOSE_MSG, &simh_dev, "PTR: " ADDRESS_FORMAT
" Attempt to test status of unattached SIMH[0x%02x]. 0x02 returned.\n", s100_bus_get_addr(), port);
}
return SIMH_CAN_WRITE;
}
/* if EOF then SIMH_CAN_WRITE else (SIMH_CAN_WRITE and SIMH_CAN_READ) */
return simh_unit.u3 ? SIMH_CAN_WRITE : (SIMH_CAN_READ | SIMH_CAN_WRITE);
} /* OUT follows */
if (data == SIMH_RESET) {
simh_unit.u3 = FALSE; /* reset EOF indicator */
sim_debug(CMD_MSG, &simh_dev, "SIMH: " ADDRESS_FORMAT
" Command OUT(0x%03x) = 0x%02x\n", s100_bus_get_addr(), port, data);
}
return 0x00; /* ignored since OUT */
}
/* port 0x13 is a device for communication SIMH <--> Altair machine */
static int32 simh_io_data(const int32 port, const int32 io, const int32 data)
{
int32 ch;
if (io == S100_IO_READ) { /* IN */
if (simh_unit.u3) { /* EOF reached, no more data available */
if ((simh_dev.dctrl & VERBOSE_MSG) && (warnSIMHEOF < warnLevelSIMH)) {
warnSIMHEOF++;
sim_debug(VERBOSE_MSG, &simh_dev, "PTR: " ADDRESS_FORMAT
" SIMH[0x%02x] attempted to read past EOF. 0x00 returned.\n", s100_bus_get_addr(), port);
}
return 0x00;
}
if ((simh_unit.flags & UNIT_ATT) == 0) { /* not attached */
if ((simh_dev.dctrl & VERBOSE_MSG) && (warnUnattachedSIMH < warnLevelSIMH)) {
warnUnattachedSIMH++;
sim_debug(VERBOSE_MSG, &simh_dev, "SIMH: " ADDRESS_FORMAT
" Attempt to read from unattached SIMH[0x%02x]. 0x00 returned.\n", s100_bus_get_addr(), port);
}
return 0x00;
}
if ((ch = getc(simh_unit.fileref)) == EOF) { /* end of file? */
simh_unit.u3 = TRUE; /* remember EOF reached */
sim_debug(VERBOSE_MSG, &simh_dev, "SIMH: " ADDRESS_FORMAT
" EOF on read\n", s100_bus_get_addr());
return CONTROLZ_CHAR; /* ^Z denotes end of text file in CP/M */
}
return ch & 0xff;
} /* OUT follows */
if (simh_unit.flags & UNIT_ATT) { /* unit must be attached */
putc(data, simh_unit.fileref);
}
else if ((simh_dev.dctrl & VERBOSE_MSG) && (warnUnattachedSIMH < warnLevelSIMH)) {
warnUnattachedSIMH++;
sim_debug(VERBOSE_MSG, &simh_dev, "SIMH: " ADDRESS_FORMAT
" Attempt to output '0x%02x' to unattached SIMH[0x%02x] - ignored.\n", s100_bus_get_addr(), data, port);
}
return 0x00; /* ignored since OUT */
}
/* port 0xfe is a device for communication SIMH <--> Altair machine */
static int32 simh_io_cmd(const int32 port, const int32 io, const int32 data)
{
int32 result = 0;
if (io == S100_IO_READ) {
result = simh_cmd_in(port);
sim_debug(IN_MSG, &simh_dev, "SIMH: " ADDRESS_FORMAT
" IN(0x%02x) -> %i (0x%02x, '%c')\n", s100_bus_get_addr(),
port, result, result,
(32 <= (result & 0xff)) && ((result & 0xff) <= 127) ? (result & 0xff) : '?');
}
else {
sim_debug(OUT_MSG, &simh_dev, "SIMH: " ADDRESS_FORMAT
" OUT(0x%02x) <- %i (0x%02x, '%c')\n", s100_bus_get_addr(),
port, data, data,
(32 <= (data & 0xff)) && ((data & 0xff) <= 127) ? (data & 0xff) : '?');
simh_cmd_out(port, data);
}
return result;
}
static t_stat simh_show_help(FILE *st, DEVICE *dptr, UNIT *uptr, int32 flag, const char *cptr)
{
fprintf (st, "\nSIMH Pseudo Device (%s)\n", dptr->name);
fprint_set_help (st, dptr);
fprint_show_help (st, dptr);
fprint_reg_help (st, dptr);
return SCPE_OK;
}
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