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Code Issues Releases Wiki Activity

Edits from comparing James Markevitch's OCR version

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This commit is contained in:
brad@heeltoe.com
2008-05-02 17:50:21 +00:00
parent 7a0fdf2206
commit bea0033e9b
52 changed files with 172 additions and 172 deletions
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2
pages/e00-01
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@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ rkcs = 177404 / control status reg rk03/rk11
rcsr = 174000 / receiver status reg dc-11
rcbr = 174002 / receiver buffer reg dc-11
tcsr = 174004 / xmtr status reg dc-11
tcbr = 174006 / xmtr buffer req dc-11
tcbr = 174006 / xmtr buffer reg dc-11
tcst = 177340 / dec tape control status tc11/tu56
tccm = 177342 / dec tape command reg tc11/tu56
tcwc = 177344 / word count tc11/tu56

2
pages/e00-02
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@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@
. = orig+400
/ copy in transfer vectors
mov $ecore,sp / put pointer to score in the stack pointer
mov $ecore,sp / put pointer to ecore in the stack pointer
jsr r0,copyz; 0; 14 / clear locations 0 to 14 in core
mov $4,r0
clr r1

4
pages/e00-04
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@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
/ free rest of drum
.if cold
mov $128.,systm / inltialize word 1 of drum superblock image;
mov $128.,systm / initialize word 1 of drum superblock image;
/ number of bytes in free storage map=128.
mov $64.,systm+2+128. / init. wd 66. of superblock image; # of
/ bytes in i-node map=64.
@@ -52,6 +52,6 @@
dec r1 / next i-node no. = present i-node no.-1
bgt 1b / has i-node 1 been initialized; no, branch
/ initialize i-nodes r1.,...,47. and wr1te the root device, binary, etc.,
/ initialize i-nodes r1.,...,47. and write the root device, binary, etc.,
/ directories onto fixed head disk. user temporary, initialization prog.

4
pages/e00-05
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@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@
/ assembled directories header
movb (r0)+,i.nlks / set no. of links from header
movb (r0)+,i.uid / set user id of owner from header
jsr r0,setimod / set imod=1 to indicate inode modified: also,
jsr r0,setimod / set imod=1 to indicate inode modified; also,
/ stuff time of modification into i-node
mov (r0)+,u.count / set byte count for write call equal to
/ size of directory
@@ -27,7 +27,7 @@
/ next 2 instructions not executed during cold boot.
bis $2000,sb0 / sb0 I/O queue entry for superblock on drum;
/ set blt 10 to 1
/ set bit 10 to 1
jsr r0,ppoke / read drum superblock
1:
tstb sb0+1 / has I/O request been honored (for drum)?

4
pages/e01-03
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@@ -7,8 +7,8 @@
rti / no return from interrupt
badsys:
incb u.bsys / turn on the user's bad system flag
mov $3f,u.namep / point u.namep to "core\0\O"
incb u.bsys / turn on the user's bad-system flag
mov $3f,u.namep / point u.namep to "core\0\0"
jsr r0,namei / get the i-number for the core image file
br 1f / error
neg r1 / negate the i-number to open the core image file

2
pages/e01-04
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@@ -39,7 +39,7 @@ intract: / interrupt action
cmp (sp)+,(sp)+ / pop clock pointer
1: / now in user area
mov r1,-(sp) / save r1
mov u.ttyp,r1 / pointer to tty buffer in control to r1
mov u.ttyp,r1 / pointer to tty buffer in control-to r1
cmpb 6(r1),$177 / is the interrupt char equal to "del"
beq 1f / yes, 1f
clrb 6(r1) / no, clear the byte (must be a quit character)

8
pages/e02-01
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@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ syslink: / name1, name2
jsr r0,namei / no, get i-number of name2
br .+4 / not found so r1-i-number of current directory
/ ii = i-number of current directory
br error9 / file already exits., error
br error9 / file already exists., error
cmp (sp)+,cdev / u.dirp now points to end of current directory
bne error9
mov (sp),u.dirbuf / i-number of name1 into u.dirbuf
@@ -31,14 +31,14 @@ error9:
jmp error / see 'error' routine
isdir: / if the i-node whose i-number is in r1 is a directory there is an
/ error unless super user make the call
/ error unless super user made the call
tstb u.uid / super user
beq 1f / yes, don't care
mov ii,-(sp) / put current i-number on stack
jsr r0,iget / get i-number into core (i-number in r1)
jsr r0,iget / get i-node into core (i-number in r1)
bit $40000,i.flgs / is it a directory
bne error9 / yes, error
mov (sp)+,r1 / no, put current i-number back in r1 (ii)
mov (sp)+,r1 / no, put current i-number in r1 (ii)
jsr r0,iget / get it back in
1:
rts r0

4
pages/e02-02
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@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
jsr r0,iget / get i-node
jsr r0,setimod / set modified flag
decb i.nlks / decrement the number of links
bgt sysret9 / if this was not the last link to the file return
bgt sysret9 / if this was not the last link to file return
jsr r0,anyi / if it was, see if anyone has it open. Then
/ free contents of file and destroy it.
br sysret9
@@ -35,7 +35,7 @@ wdir:
sysexec:
jsr r0,arg2 / arg0 in u.namep,arg1 on top of stack
jsr r0,namei / namei return i-number of file named in
jsr r0,namei / namei returns i-number of file named in
/ sysexec call in r1
br error9
jsr r0,iget / get i-node for file to be executed

6
pages/e02-03
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@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
mov r5,-(sp) / save arguments pointer on stack
mov $ecore,r5 / r5 has end of core
mov $core,r4 / r4 has start of users core
mov r4,u.base / u.base has start of users ore
mov r4,u.base / u.base has start of users core
mov (sp),r2 / move arguments list pointer into r2
1:
tst (r2)+ / argument char = "nul"
@@ -45,12 +45,12 @@
mov r4,-(r5) / save number of arguments ahead of the argument
/ pointers
clr -(r5) / popped into ps when rti in sysrele is executed
mov $core,-(r5) / popped into pc when rti is sysrele
mov $core,-(r5) / popped into pc when rti in sysrele
/ is executed
mov r5,0f / load second copyz argument
tst -(r5) / decrement r5
mov r5,u.r0 /
sub $16.,r5 / skip 8 words
mov r5,u.sp / assign user stack pointer value, effectively
/ zeros all regs when sysrele is executed
/ zeroes all regs when sysrele is executed
jsr r0,copyz; core; 0:0 / zero user's core

10
pages/e02-04
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@@ -6,18 +6,18 @@
jsr r0,readi / read in first six words of user's file, starting
/ at $core
mov sp,r5 / put users stack address in r5
sub $core+40.,r5 / subtract $core +40 from r5 (leaves
sub $core+40.,r5 / subtract $core +40, from r5 (leaves
/ number of words less 26 available for
/ program in user core
mov r5,u.count /
cmp core,$405 / br .+14 is first instrution if file is
cmp core,$405 / br .+14 is first instruction if file is
/ standard a.out format
bne 1f / branch, if not standard format
mov core+2,r5 / put 2nd word of users program in r5; number of
/ bytes in program text
sub $14,r5 / subtract 12
cmp r5,u.count
bgt 1f / branch if r5 is greater than u.count
cmp r5,u.count /
bgt 1f / branch if r5 greater than u.count
mov r5,u.count
jsr r0,readi / read in rest of user's program text
add core+10,u.nread / add size of user data area to u.nread
@@ -49,7 +49,7 @@ sysstat: / ; name of file; buffer - get files status
1:
jsr r0,iget / get the i-node into core
mov (sp)+,r3 / move u.off to r3 (points to buffer)
mov r1,(r3)+ / put i-number into 1st word of buffer
mov r1,(r3)+ / put i-number in 1st word of buffer
mov $inode,r2 / r2 points to i-node
1:
mov (r2)+,(r3)+ / move rest of i-node to buffer

2
pages/e02-06
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@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@ nig:
nib:
rts r0
syschdir: / make the directory specified in the argument the current
syschdir: / makes the directory specified in the argument the current
/ directory
jsr r0,arg; u.namep / u.namep points to path name
jsr r0,namei / find its i-number

8
pages/e02-07
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@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
jsr r0,setimod / indicate i-node has been modified
mov (sp)+,r2 / mode is put into r2 (u.off put on stack with
jsr r0,setimod / indicates i-node has been modified
mov (sp)+,r2 / mode is put in r2 (u.off put on stack with
/ 2nd arg)
rts r0
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ arg2:
/ sys call
jsr r0,arg; u.off / u.off contains value of second arg in
/ sys call
mov r0,r1 / r0 points to callling routine
mov r0,r1 / r0 points to calling routine
mov (sp),r0 / put operation code back in r0
mov u.off,(sp) / put pointer to second argument on stack
jmp (r1) / return to calling routine
@@ -52,6 +52,6 @@ sysstime: / set time
tstb u.uid / is user the super user
bne error4 / no, error
mov 4(sp),s.time
mov 2(sp),s.time+2
mov 2(sp),s.time+2 / set the system time
br sysret4

4
pages/e02-09
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@@ -33,7 +33,7 @@ seektell:
sysintr: / set interrupt handling
jsr r0,arg; u.intr / put the argument in u.intr
br 1f / go into quit routine
jsr r0,arg; u.quit / put argument in u.quit
jsr r0,arg; u.quit / put argument in u.quit
1:
mov u.ttyp,r1 / move pointer to control tty buffer to r1
beq sysret4 / return to user
@@ -43,7 +43,7 @@ sysintr: / set interrupt handling
syssetuid: / set process id
movb *u.r0,r1 / move process id (number) to r1
cmpb r1,u.ruid / is it equal to the real user id number
beq 1f / yst
beq 1f / yes
tstb u.uid / no, is current user the super user?
bne error4 / no, error
1:

2
pages/e02-10
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@@ -37,7 +37,7 @@ anyi: / r1 contains an i-number
neg r1 / no complement r1
cmp r1,(r2) / do they match now?
beq 1f / yes, transfer
/ i-number do not match
/ i-numbers do not match
add $8,r2 / no, bump to next entry in fsp table
cmp r2,$fsp+[nfiles*8] / are we at last entry in the table
blt 1b / no, check next entries i-number

16
pages/e03-01
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@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
/ u3 unlx
/ u3 -- unix
tswap:
movb u.uno,r1 / move users process number to r1
@@ -11,8 +11,8 @@ swap:
tst (r2)+ / are there any processes to run in this Q entry
bne 1f / yes, process 1f
cmp r2,$runq+6 / if zero compare address to end of table
bne 1b / lf not at end, go back
jsr r0,idle; s.idlet+2 / waif for interrupt; all queues
bne 1b / if not at end, go back
jsr r0,idle; s.idlet+2 / wait for interrupt; all queues
/ are empty
br swap
1:
@@ -21,28 +21,28 @@ swap:
movb (r2)+,r1 / move 1st process in queue to r1
cmpb r1,(r2)+ / is there only 1 process in this Q to be run
beq 1f / yes
tst (r2) / no, pt r2 back to this Q entry
tst -(r2) / no, pt r2 back to this Q entry
movb p.link-1(r1),(r2) / move next process in line into
/ run queue
br 2f
1:
clr -(r2) / zero the entry; no processes on the Q
2: / write out core to appropriate disk area and read in new process if
/ required V
/ required
clr *$ps / clear processor status
cmpb r1,u.uno / is this process the same as the process in core?
beq 2f / yes, don't have to swap
mov r0,-(sp) / no, write out core; save r0 (address in rout? v
mov r0,-(sp) / no, write out core; save r0 (address in rout.
/ that called swap)
mov sp,u.usp / save stack pointer
mov $sstack,sp / move swap stack pointer to the stack pointer
mov r1,-(sp) / put r1 (new process #) on the stack
tstb u.uno / is the process # = O
tstb u.uno / is the process # = 0
beq 1f / yes, kill process by overwriting
jsr r0,wswap / write out core to disk
1:
mov (sp)+,r1 / restore r1 to new process number
jsr r0,rswap / read new process 1nto core
jsr r0,rswap / read new process into core
jsr r0,unpack / unpack the users stack from next to his program
/ to its normal
mov u.usp,sp / location; restore stack pointer to new process

10
pages/e03-02
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@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ wswap:
bic $1,r2 / make it even
mov r2,u.break / set break to an even location
mov u.usp,r3 / put users stack pter at moment of swap in r3
cmp r2,$core / is u.break less than Score
cmp r2,$core / is u.break less than $core
blos 2f / yes
cmp r2,r3 / no, is (u.break) greater than stack pointer
bhis 2f / yes
@@ -20,8 +20,8 @@ wswap:
mov $ecore,r2 / put end of core in r2
1:
sub $user,r2 / get number of bytes to write out (user up
/ to end of stack gets written out) ~
neg r2 / make it negative V
/ to end of stack gets written out)
neg r2 / make it negative
asr r2 / change bytes to words (divide by 2)
mov r2,swp+4 / word count
movb u.uno,r1 / move user process number to r1
@@ -46,8 +46,8 @@ rswap:
bis $2000,swp / read
jsr r0,ppoke / read it in
1:
tstb swp+1 / done l
bne 1b / no, wait for bit 15 to clear (inhibit blt)
tstb swp+1 / done
bne 1b / no, wait for bit 15 to clear (inhibit bit)
mov u.emt,*$30 / yes move these
mov u.ilgins,*$10 / back
rts r0 / return

6
pages/e03-03
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@@ -17,11 +17,11 @@
putlu: / r1 = user process no.; r2 points to lowest priority queue
tstb (r2)+ / is queue empty?
beq 1f / yes, branch
movb (r2),r3 / no, save the last user processnumber in_r3
movb r1,p.link-1(r3) / put pointer to user on last users- link
movb (r2),r3 / no, save the "last user" process number in r3
movb r1,p.link-1(r3) / put pointer to user on "last users" link
br 2f /
1:
movb r1,-1(r2) / user is only user; put_procss no. at beginning
movb r1,-1(r2) / user is only user; put process no. at beginning
/ and at end
2:
movb r1,(r2) / user process in r1 is now the last entry on

2
pages/e03-04
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@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@
1:
clr (r5)+ / zero data word in buffer
dec r3
bgt 1b / branch u til all data words in buffer are zero
bgt 1b / branch until all data words in buffer are zero
jsr r0,dskwr / write zeroed buffer area out onto physical
/ block specified
rts r0 / in r1

2
pages/e04-01
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@@ -41,7 +41,7 @@ clock: / interrupt from 60 cycle clock
tstb (r0) / is the time out?
beq 3f / yes, 3f (get next entry)
decb (r0) / no, decrement the time
bne 3f /Is1t zero now?
bne 3f / isit zero now?
incb (r0) / yes, increment the time
3:
inc r0 / next entry

14
pages/e04-02
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@@ -4,23 +4,23 @@
tstb toutt(r0) / is the time out for this entry
beq 2f / yes
decb toutt(r0) / no, decrement the time
bne 2f / is the time O, now
bne 2f / is the time 0, now
asl r0 / yes, 2 x r0 to get word index for tout entry
jsr r0,*touts(r0) / go to appropriate routine specified in this
asr r0 / touts entry; set r0 back to toutt index
2:
dec r0 / set up r0 for next entry
bge 1b / finished? , no, go back `
br retisp / yes, restore registers and do a rtl
bge 1b / finished? , no, go back
br retisp / yes, restore registers and do a rti
ttyi: / console tty input interrupt routine
jsr r0,setisp / save reg r1, r2, r3
mov *$tkb,r1 / r1 = char in tty reader buffer
inc *$tks / set the reader enable bit
bic $!177,r1 / clear upper 9 blts of the character (strip off
/ 8th bit of char
bic $!177,r1 / clear upper 9 bits of the character (strip off
/ 8th bit of char)
cmp r1,$'a-40 / is character upper case A,..., upper case Z.
/ note that
blt 1f / lower case a ls represented by 141, upper case by
blt 1f / lower case a is represented by 141, upper case by
cmp r1,$'z-40 / 101; and lower case z by 172, upper
/ case Z by 132.
bgt 1f / if not upper case, branch
@@ -45,7 +45,7 @@ ttyi: / console tty input interrupt routine
jsr r0,wakeup; runq; 0 / no, wakeup the input process
br retisp / return
2: / r1 = "}" or "delete" to get here
mov tty+[ntty*8]-8+6,r2 / move console tty-buffer address to r2
mov tty+[ntty*8]-8+6,r2 / move console tty buffer address to r2
beq 2f / if 0, wakeall
movb r1,6(r2) / move "}" or del into "interrupt char"
/ byte of buffer

20
pages/e04-03
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@@ -1,12 +1,12 @@
wakeall:
mov $39.,0f / flll arg2 of wakeup call wlth 39
1:
jsr r0,wakeup; runq+4; 0:.. / wakeup the processes ln the
jsr r0,wakeup; runq+4; 0:.. / wakeup the processes in the
dec 0b / wait list; decrement arg2
bge 1b / lf not done, go back
bge 1b / if not done, go back
rts r0
ttyo: / console typewriter output interrupt routlne
ttyo: / console typewriter output interrupt routine
jsr r0,setisp / save registers
jsr r0,startty / put a char on the console tty output buffer
br retisp / restore registers
@@ -19,31 +19,31 @@ retisp:
mov (sp)+,r0
rti / return from interrupt
ppti: / paper tape lnput interrupt routine M
ppti: / paper tape lnput interrupt routine
jsr r0,setisp / save registers
movb pptiflg,r1 / place "pptiflg" in r1
jmp *1f(r1) / jump to location speclfled by value of pptiflg
jmp *1f(r1) / jump to location speclfled by value of "pptiflg"
1:
retisp / file not open
1f / file just opened
2f / file normal
retisp / file not closed
1: / flle just opened
tstb *$prs+1 / is error blt set in prs
1: / file just opened
tstb *$prs+1 / is error bit set in prs
bge 1f / no
jsr r0,pptito / place 10 ln toutt entry for ppt input
jsr r0,pptito / place 10 in toutt entry for ppt input
br retisp
1:
movb $4,pptiflg / change "pptiflg" to indicate file "normal"
2:
jsr r0,wakeup; runq+2; 2 / wakeup process for ppt input entry
/ ln wllst
/ in wlist
tstb *$prs+1 / is error bit set
blt 1f / yes
mov *$prb,r1 / place contents ppt read buffer in r1
jsr r0,putc; 2 / place character in clist area for ppt input
br .+2 / temp / if no space ln clist character lost
br .+2 / temp / if no space in clist character lost
cmpb cc+2,$50. / character count in clist area for ppt lnput
/ greater than or equal to 50
bhis retisp / yes

8
pages/e04-04
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@@ -1,10 +1,10 @@
/ jsr r0,setisp
/ jsr r0,starlpt
/ br retisp
ppto: / paper tape output in errupt routine
ppto: / paper tape output interrupt routine
jsr r0,setisp / save registers
jsr r0,starppt / get next character from clist, and output
/ if possible .
/ if possible
br retisp / pop register values from stack
/ starlpt:
@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@ ppto: / paper tape output in errupt routine
/ jsr r0,wakeup; runq+2; 5
/1:
/ tstb *$lps
/ bqs 1f
/ bge 1f
/ jsr r0,getc; 5
/ br 1f
/ mov r1,*$lpb
@@ -39,7 +39,7 @@ startty: / start or restart console tty output
1:
clrb ttyoch
mov r1,*$tpb / put character in console output register
cmp r1,$12 / is char a l1ne feed
cmp r1,$12 / is char a line feed
bne 1f
movb $15,ttyoch / put a cr in ttyoch
1:

6
pages/e04-05
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@@ -31,11 +31,11 @@ wakeup: / wakeup processes waiting for an event by linking them to the
mov (r0)+,r3 / r3 = wait channel number
movb wlist(r3),r1 / r1 contains process number in that wait
/ channel that was sleeping
beq 2f / if O return, nothing to wakeup
cmp r2,u.pri / is rung greater than or equal to users process
beq 2f / if 0 return, nothing to wakeup
cmp r2,u.pri / is runq greater than or equal to users process
/ priority
bhis 1f / yes, don't set time quantum to zero
clrb uquant / time quantum = O
clrb uquant / time quantum = 0
1:
clrb wlist(r3) / zero wait channel entry
jsr r0,putlu / create a link from the last user on the Q

8
pages/e04-06
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@@ -7,8 +7,8 @@
beq 1f / if 0 branch
mov $runq+4,r2 / r2 points to lowest priority queue
mov $300,*$ps / processor priority = 6
jsr r0,putlu / create llnk to old process number
clr *$ps / clear the status; process priority = O
jsr r0,putlu / create link to old process number
clr *$ps / clear the status; process priority = 0
1:
rts r0 / return
2:
@@ -22,8 +22,8 @@ isintr:
beq 1f / if 0, do nothing except skip return
movb 6(r1),r1 / put interrupt char in the tty buffer in r1
beq 1f / if its 0 do nothing except skip return
cmp r1,$177 / is interrupt char e delete?
bne 3f / no, so lt must be a quit (fs)
cmp r1,$177 / is interrupt char = delete?
bne 3f / no, so it must be a quit (fs)
tst u.intr / yes, value of u.intr determines handling
/ of interrupts
bne 2f / if not 0, 2f. If zero do nothing.

10
pages/e05-01
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@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
/ u5 - unix
/ u5 -- unix
mget:
mov *u.fofp,mq / file offset in mq
@@ -8,10 +8,10 @@ mget:
bit $10000,i.flgs / lg/sm is this a large or small file
bne 4f / branch for large file
bit $!17,r2
bne 3f / branch if/r2 greater than or equal to 16
bne 3f / branch if r2 greater than or equal to 16
bic $!16,r2 / clear all bits but bits 1,2,3
mov i.dskp(r2),r1 / r1 has physical block number
bne 2f / lf physical block num is zero then need a new block
bne 2f / if physical block num is zero then need a new block
/ for file
jsr r0,alloc / allocate a new block
mov r1,i.dskp(r2) / physical block number stored in i-node
@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@ mget:
3: / adding on block which changes small file to a large file
jsr r0,alloc / allocate a new block for this file; block number
/in r1
jsr r0,wslot / set up I/0 buffer for write, r5 points to first
jsr r0,wslot / set up I/O buffer for write, r5 points to first
/ data word in buffer
mov $8.,r3 / next 6 instructions transfer old physical block
/ pointers
@@ -39,7 +39,7 @@ mget:
bgt 1b
jsr r0,dskwr / write new indirect block on disk
mov r1,i.dskp / put pointer to indirect block in i-node
bis $10000,i.flgs / set large file blt in i.flgs word of i-node
bis $10000,i.flgs / set large file bit in i.flgs word of i-node
jsr r0,setimod / set i-node modified flag
br mget
4: / large file

2
pages/e05-02
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@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@ alloc:
mov r3,-(sp)
mov $systm,r2 / start of inode and free storage map for drum
tst cdev
beq 1f / drum ls device
beq 1f / drum is device
mov $mount,r2 / disk or tape is device, start of inode and free
/ storage map
1:

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pages/e05-03
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@@ -26,7 +26,7 @@ free:
clr r3
bisb 2f(r2),r3 / use mask to set bit in r3 corresponding to
/ (k) mod 8
mov r1,1r2 / divide block number by 16
mov r1,r2 / divide block number by 16
asr r2
asr r2
asr r2

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pages/e05-04
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@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@
setimod:
movb $1,imod / set current i-node modified bytes
mov s.time,i.mtim / put present tlme into file modified time
mov s.time,i.mtim / put present time into file modified time
mov s.time+2,i.mtim+2
rts r0
@@ -47,10 +47,10 @@ imap: / get the byte that has the allocation bit for the i-number contained
rts r0
iget:
cmp r1, ii / r1 = i-number of current flle
cmp r1,ii / r1 = i-number of current flle
bne 1f
cmp idev,cdev / ls device number of i-node = current device
cmp idev,cdev / is device number of i-node = current device
beq 2f
1:
tstb imod / has i-node of current file been modified i.e.,
/ lmod set
/ imod set

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@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@
icalc: / i-node i is located in block (i+31.)/16. and begins 32.*
/ (i+31)mod16 bytes from its start
add $31.,r1 / add 31. to i-number
mov r1,-(sp) / save i+.31. on stack
mov r1,-(sp) / save i+31. on stack
asr r1 / divide by 16.
asr r1
asr r1

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pages/e06-01
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@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ readi:
cmp r1,$40. / want to read a special file (i-nodes 1,...,40 are
/ for special files)
ble 1f / yes, branch
jmp dskr / no, jmp to dskr; read file with 1.-node number (:1)
jmp dskr / no, jmp to dskr; read file with i-node number (r1)
/ starting at byte ((u.fofp)), read in u.count bytes
1:
asl r1 / multiply inode number by 2
@@ -41,9 +41,9 @@ readi:
rtty: / read from console tty
mov tty+[8*ntty]-8+6,r5 / r5 is the address of the 4th word of
/ of the control and status block _
/ of the control and status block
tst 2(r5) / for the console tty; this word points to the console
/ tty bufTer
/ tty buffer
bne 1f / 2nd word of console tty buffer contains number
/ of chars. Is this number non-zero?
jsr r0,canon; ttych / if 0, call 'canon' to get a line

6
pages/e06-02
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@@ -8,15 +8,15 @@ ret1:
rppt: / read paper tape
jsr r0,pptic / gets next character in clist for ppt input and
/ places
br ret / it 1n r1; 1f there 1s no problem with reader, it
/ also enables read bit Ln prs
br ret / it in r1; if there 1s no problem with reader, it
/ also enables read bit in prs
jsr r0,passc / place character in users buffer area
br rppt
rmem: / transfer characters from memory to a user area of core
mov *u.fofp,r1 / save file offset which points to the char to
/ be transferred to user
inc *u.fofp / increment file offset to point to 'next' char 1n
inc *u.fofp / increment file offset to point to 'next' char in
/ memory file
movb (r1),r1 / get character from memory file, put it in r1
jsr r0,passc / move this character to the next byte of the

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pages/e06-03
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@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@
mov (sp)+,r0 / no, do a non-local return to the caller of
/ 'readi' by:
ret: / (1) pop the return address off the stack into r0
mov (sp)+,r1 / (2) pup the i-number off the stack into r1
mov (sp)+,r1 / (2) pop the i-number off the stack into r1
1:
clr *$ps / clear processor status
rts r0 / return to address currently on top of stack
@@ -44,7 +44,7 @@ writei:
xmtt / tty5
xmtt / tty6
xmtt / tty7
/ w1pr / 1pr
/ w1pr / lpr
wtty:
jsr r0,cpass / get next character from user buffer area; if

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pages/e06-04
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@@ -18,26 +18,26 @@ wppt:
/ if none return to writei's calling routine
jsr r0,pptoc / output character on ppt
br wppt
/w1pr:
/ jar r0,cpass
/wlpr:
/ jsr r0,cpass
/ cmp r0,$'a
/ blo 1f
/ cmp r1,$'z
/ bhi 1f
/ sub $40,r1
/1:
/ jsr r0,1ptoc
/ br w1pr
/ jsr r0,lptoc
/ br wlpr
wmem: / transfer characters from a user area of core to memory file
jsr r0,cpass / get next character from users area of core and
/ put it in r1
mov r1,-(sp) / put character on the stack
mov *u.fofp,r1 / save file offset in r1
inc *u.fofp / increment f11e offset to point to next available
inc *u.fofp / increment file offset to point to next available
/ location in file
movb (sp)+,(r1) / pop char off stack, put in memory loc assigned
/ no 1:
/ to it
br wmem / continue
1:
jmp error / ?

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@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
mov r2,i.size / yes, increase the f11e size to file offset +
/ no. of data bytes
jsr r0,setimod / set imod=1 (1.e., core inode has been
/ modified), stuff tlme of modiflcatlon into
jsr r0,setimod / set imod=1 (i.e., core inode has been
/ modified), stuff tlme of modification into
/ core image of i-node
1:
jsr r0,mget / get the block no. in which to write the next data
@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@
/ 512, 1024,...(i.e., start of new block)
cmp u.count,$512. / if zero, is there enough data to fill an
/ entire block? (i.e., no. of
bhis 3f / bytes to be written greater than S12.? Yes, branch.
bhis 3f / bytes to be written greater than 512.? Yes, branch.
/ Don't have to read block
2: / in as no past info. is to be saved (the entire block will be
/ overwritten).
@@ -34,7 +34,7 @@
cpass: / get next character from user area of core and put it in r1
tst u.count / have all the characters been transferred (i.e.,
/ u.count, # of chars. left .
/ u.count, # of chars. left
beq 1f / to be transferred = 0?) yes, branch
dec u.count / no, decrement u.count
movb *u.base,r1 / take the character pointed to by u.base and
@@ -44,7 +44,7 @@ cpass: / get next character from user area of core and put it in r1
rts r0 / next byte
1:
mov (sp)+,r0 / put return address of calling routine into r0
mov (sp)+,r1 / i.-number in r1
mov (sp)+,r1 / i-number in r1
rts r0 / non-local return
sioreg:

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@@ -1,8 +1,8 @@
mov u.base,r1 / address of data is in r1
neg r3 / 512 - file offset (mod512..) in r3 (i.e., the number
neg r3 / 512 - file offset (mod512.) in r3 (i.e., the number
/ of free bytes in the file block
cmp r3,u.count / compare this with the number of data bytes to
/ be written to the f11e
/ be written to the file
blos 2f / if less than branch. Use the number of free bytes
/ in the file block as the number to be written
mov u.count,r3 / if greater than, use the number of data bytes

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@@ -13,12 +13,12 @@ canon:
br canon / character was @ so start over
jsr r0,cesc; 43 / test for # (erase last char. typed)
br 1b / character was #, go back
cmp r0,$4 / is char eot?
beq 1f / yes. reset and return
cmp r1,$4 / is char eot?
beq 1f / yes, reset and return
movb r1,*4(r5) / no, move char to address in 3rd word of buffer
/ (char. pointer)
inc 2(r5) / increment 2nd word (char, count)
inc 4(r5) / increment 3rd word (char, pointer)
inc 2(r5) / increment 2nd word (char. count)
inc 4(r5) / increment 3rd word (char. pointer)
cmp r1,$'\n / is char = newline
beq 1f / yes, 1f
cmp 2(r5),$120. / is byte count greater than or equal to 120
@@ -35,7 +35,7 @@ canon:
cesc: / test for erase or kill char
cmp r1,(r0)+ / char in r1 = erase or kill character?
bne 1f / no, skip return
tst 2(r5) / yes, is char, count = 0
tst 2(r5) / yes, is char. count = 0
beq 2f / yes, don't skip return
dec 2(r5) / no, decrement char count
dec 4(r5) / decrement character pointer
@@ -48,7 +48,7 @@ cesc: / test for erase or kill char
ttych: / get characters from Q of characters inputted to tty
mov $240,*$ps / set processor priority to 5
jsr r0,getc; 0 / takes char, off clist and puts it in r1
jsr r0,getc; 0 / takes char. off clist and puts it in r1
br 1f / list is empty, go to sleep
clr *$ps / clear process priority
rts r0 / return

6
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@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ iopen: / open file whose i-number is in r1
tst r1 / write or read access?
blt 2f / write, go to 2f
jsr r0,access; 2 / get inode into core with read access
cmp r1,340. / is it a special file
cmp r1,$40. / is it a special file
bgt 3f / no. 3f
mov r1,-(sp) / yes, figure out
asl r1
@@ -36,7 +36,7 @@ iopen: / open file whose i-number is in r1
sret / rf0
sret / rk0
sret / tap0
sret / tapl
sret / tap1
sret / tap2
sret / tap3
sret / tap4
@@ -44,7 +44,7 @@ iopen: / open file whose i-number is in r1
sret / tap6
sret / tap7
ocvt / tty0
ocvt / ttyl
ocvt / tty1
ocvt / tty2
ocvt / tty3
ocvt / tty4

6
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@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@
sret / rf0
sret / rk0
sret / tap0
sret / tapl
sret / tap1
sret / tap2
sret / tap3
sret / tap4
@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@
sret / tap6
sret / tap7
ocvt / tty0
ocvt / ttyl
ocvt / tty1
ocvt / tty2
ocvt / tty3
ocvt / tty4
@@ -44,7 +44,7 @@ otty: / open console tty for reading or writing
/ console tty
tst u.ttyp / is there a process control tty (i.e., has a tty
/ buffer header
bne sret / address been loaded into u.ttyp yet)? Yes, branch
bne sret / address been loaded into u.ttyp yet)? yes, branch
mov r5,u.ttyp / no, make the console tty the process control
/ tty
br sret / ?

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@@ -25,10 +25,10 @@ iclose: / close file whose i-number is in r1
ctty / tty
cppt / ppt
sret / mem
sret / rfo
sret / rf0
sret / rk0
sret / tap0
sret / tapl
sret / tap1
sret / tap2
sret / tap3
sret / tap4
@@ -36,7 +36,7 @@ iclose: / close file whose i-number is in r1
sret / tap6
sret / tap7
ccvt / tty0
ccvt / ttyl
ccvt / tty1
ccvt / tty2
ccvt / tty3
ccvt / tty4

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@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@
sret / rf0
sret / rk0
sret / tap0
sret / tapl
sret / tap1
sret / tap2
sret / tap3
sret / tap4
@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@
sret / tap6
sret / tap7
ccvt / tty0
ccvt / ttyl
ccvt / tty1
ccvt / tty2
ccvt / tty3
ccvt / tty4

8
pages/e08-01
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@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
rtap: / read from the dec tape
asr r1 / divide the i-number by 2
sub $4.,r1 / (i-number/2)-r r1
sub $4.,r1 / (i-number/2)-4 r1
mov r1,cdev / cdev now has device number
jsr r0,bread; 578. / read in block thats in *u.fofp
@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ wtap:
/ Maximum
rrk0:
mov $1,cdev / set current device to 1., disk
mov $1,cdev / set current device to i., disk
jsr r0,bread; 4872. / read block from disk (maximum block
/ number allowed on device is 4872.)
/ - (u.fofp) contains block number
@@ -36,13 +36,13 @@ wrf0:
bread: / read a block from a block structured device
jsr r0,tstdeve / error on special file I/O (only works on
/ tape
/ tape)
mov *u.fofp,r1 / move block number to r1
mov $2.-cold,-(sp) / "2-cold" to stack
1:
cmp r1,(r0) / is this block # greater than or equal to
/ maximum block # allowed on device
bhis 1f / yes, if (error)
bhis 1f / yes, 1f (error)
mov r1,-(sp) / no, put block # on stack
jsr r0,preread / read in the block into an I/O buffer
mov (sp)+,r1 / return block # to r1

6
pages/e08-02
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@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@
beq 1f / no
cmp cdev,$1 / disk or drum?
ble 2f / yes
tstb uquant / is the time quan+um = 0?
tstb uquant / is the time quantum = 0?
bne 2f / no, 2f
mov r5,-(sp) / yes, save r5 (buffer address)
jsr r0,sleep; 31. / put process to sleep in channel 31 (tape)
@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@
movb (r5)+,(r2)+ / move data from the I/O buffer
dec r3 / to the user's area in core starting at u.base
tst u.count / done
beq 1f / yes, return .
beq 1f / yes, return
tst -(r0) / no, point r0 to the argument again
br bread / read some more
1:
@@ -44,7 +44,7 @@ bwrite: / write on block structured device
inc *u.fofp / no, increment block number
jsr r0,wslot / get an I/O buffer to write into
jsr r0,dioreg / do the necessary bookkeeping
1: / r2 points to the users data; r5-points to the I/O buffers data area
1: / r2 points to the users data; r5 points to the I/O buffers data area
movb (r2)+,(r5)+ / ; r3, has the byte count
dec r3 / area to the I/O buffer
bne 1b

18
pages/e08-03
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@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
mov (sp)+,r0 / return to routine that called writei
jmp ret
tstdeve: / check whether permanent error has occured on special f11e
/ I/0
tstdeve: / check whether permanent error has occured on special file
/ I/O
mov cdev,r1 / only works on tape; r1 has device #
tstb deverr(r1) / test error bit of device
bne 1f / error
@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@ dioreg:
blos 1f / no, branch
mov $512.,r3 / yes, just take 512.
1:
mov u.base,r2 / put users base in r2 ~
mov u.base,r2 / put users base in r2
add r3,u.nread / add the number to be read to u.nread
sub r3,u.count / update count
add r3,u.base / update base
@@ -26,19 +26,19 @@ dioreg:
preread:
jsr r0,bufaloc / get a free I/O buffer (r1 has block number)
br 1f / branch if block already 1n a I/O buffer
bis $2000,(r5) / set read mu (bu: 100 1n 1/0 buffer)
br 1f / branch if block already in a I/O buffer
bis $2000,(r5) / set read bit (bit 100 in I/O buffer)
jsr r0,poke / perform the read
1:
clr *$ps / ps = O
clr *$ps / ps = 0
rts r0
dskrd:
jsr r0,bufaloc / shuffle off to bufaloc; get a free I/0 buffer
jsr r0,bufaloc / shuffle off to bufaloc; get a free I/O buffer
br 1f
bis $2000,(r5) / set bit 10 of word 1 of I/O queue entry
/ for buffer
jsr r0,poke / just assigned in bufalocg bit 10:1 says read
jsr r0,poke / just assigned in bufaloc, bit 10=1 says read
1:
clr *$ps
bit $22000,(r5) / if either bits 10, or 13 are 1; jump to idle
@@ -51,5 +51,5 @@ dskrd:
rts r0
wslot:
jsr r0,bufaloc / get a free I/0 buffer; pointer to first
jsr r0,bufaloc / get a free I/O buffer; pointer to first
br 1f / word in buffer in r5

2
pages/e08-04
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@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
1:
bit $22000,(r5) / check bits 10, 13 (read, waiting to read)
/ of I/O queue entry
beq 1f / branch 1f 10, 13 zero (i.e., not reading, or waiting
beq 1f / branch if 10, 13 zero (i.e., not reading, or waiting
/ to read)
jsr r0,idle; s.wait+2 / if buffer is reading or writing to read,
/ idle

10
pages/e08-05
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@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
mov $rkda+2,r3 / A
mov $rkda+2,r3 /
mov ac,-(sp) / put remainder from divide on stack; gives
/ sector number
mov $4,lsh / shift quotient 4 bits, to align with cyl and surf
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
bis mq,(sp) / or mq with sector; gives total disk address
br 3f
prf: / drum
bit $1,active / test drum busy blt
bit $1,active / test drum busy bit
bne 2f / branch if bit is set
bis $1,active / set drum busy bit
mov r1,rfap / rfap points to current I/O queue entry for drum
@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@ prf: / drum
clr -(sp) / word
movb 3(r1),(sp) / move high byte of physical block number into
/ low byte of stack
mov (sp)+,-(r3) / load dae with high byt. of physical block
mov (sp)+,-(r3) / load dae with high byte of physical block
/ number
3:
mov (sp)+,-(r3) / load rkda register; load dar register
@@ -37,7 +37,7 @@ ptc: / tape I/O
bne 2f
mov tccm,r3
swab r3
bic $17,r3
bic $!7,r3
add $2,r3
cmpb r3,(r1)
beq 3f
@@ -50,7 +50,7 @@ ptc: / tape I/O
movb (r1),r3 / device
sub $2,r3 / now unit
swab r3
bis $103,r3 / now rbn,for,un1t,1e
bis $103,r3 / now rbn,for,unit,ie
mov r3,tccm
seta: / I/O queue bookkeeping; set read/write waiting bits.
mov (r1),r3 / move word 1 of I/O queue entry into r3

10
pages/e08-06
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@@ -6,8 +6,8 @@
bis r3,(r1) / or old value of bits 9 and 10 with bits 12
/ and 13
2:
cmp r2,$bufp / test to see if entire-I/O queue has been
/ scanned
cmp r2,$bufp / test to see if entire I/O queue has been
/ scanned
bhi 1b
mov (sp)+,r3
mov (sp)+,r2
@@ -24,11 +24,11 @@ bufaloc:
2:
mov (r2)+,r5 / move pointer to word 1 of an I/O queue entry
/ into r5
bit $173000,(r5) / lock+keep+active+outstand1ng
bit $173000,(r5) / lock+keep+active+outstanding
bne 3f / branch when any of bits 9,10,12,13,14,15 are set
/ (i.e., buffer busy)
mov r2,(sp) / save pointer to last non-busy buffer_found
/ points to word 2_of I/O queue entry)
mov r2,(sp) / save pointer to last non-busy buffer found
/ points to word 2 of I/O queue entry)
3:
cmpb (r5),cdev / is device in I/O queue entry same as current
/ device

10
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@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
/ entry
1:
cmp r2,$bufp / bump all entrys ln bufp and put latest assigned
cmp r2,$bufp / bump all entrys in bufp and put latest assigned
blos 1f / buffer on the top (this makes if the lowest priority)
mov -(r2),2(r2) / job for a particular device
br 1b
@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@ taper: / dec tape error
dec tcerrc / decrement the number of errors
bne 1f / if more than 1 branch
movb 1(r2),r3 / r2+1 points to command register upper byte
bic $17,r3 / clear all but bits 8-10 (Unit Selection)
bic $!7,r3 / clear all but bits 8-10 (Unit Selection)
incb deverr+2(r3) / set error bit for this tape unit
br tape3
1: / more than 1 error
@@ -45,12 +45,12 @@ tape1: / read bn forward
mov 4(r1),-(r0) / put word count in tcwc
mov $115,-(sp) / put end interrupt enable
bit $20000,(r1) / is "waiting to read bit" of I/O queue set?
beq 1f / no 1f
mov $105,(sp) / yes, put and lnterrupt enable
beq 1f / no, 1f
mov $105,(sp) / yes, put and interrupt enable
1:
movb (sp)+,(r2) / move function into command register (tccm)
bis $4,active / set active bit
mov $tape3,tcstate / get ready for I/O transfer
br 4f / go to retisp (rtl)
br 4f / go to retisp (rti)
tape2: / read bn bakasswards

6
pages/e08-08
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@@ -5,10 +5,10 @@
br taper / else reverse
tape3: / I/O transfer
bic $30000,(r1) / clear bits 12 and 13 of I/0 queue entry
bic $30000,(r1) / clear bits 12 and 13 of I/O queue entry
jsr r0,poke / do the I/O
bit $4,active / still k sy see if pick up r-ahead, w-behind
bne 1f / yes I
bit $4,active / still busy see if pick up r-ahead, w-behind
bne 1f / yes
movb $1,(r2) / no, indicate too bad
1:
jsr r0,wakeup; runq; 31. / wait up

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@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ trapt: / r2 points to the
tstb (r2) / is ready bit of dcs set?
bge 4b / device still active so branch
bit (r0),active / was device busy?
beq 4b / no, stray interrupt -
beq 4b / no, stray interrupt
bic (r0)+,active / yes, set active to zero
tst (r2) / test the err(bit is) of dcs
bge 2f / if no error jump to 2f

6
pages/e09-03
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@@ -47,10 +47,10 @@ starxmt:
br 1f / if no entry in clist to be output, return to
/ calling routine
3:
bic $!177,r1 / zero out blts 7-15 of r1
bic $!177,r1 / zero out bits 7-15 of r1
movb partab(r1),r3 / move "partab" entry (identified by
/ r1) into r3
bge 3f / if entry 1s greater than or equal to 0 (digit
bge 3f / if entry is greater than or equal to 0 (digit
/ 2, far left digit = 0) branch
bisb 200,r1 / if entry is less than 0 add 128 to ASC11
bisb 200,r1 / if entry is less than 0 add 128 to ASCII
/ code for char to be output

4
pages/e09-04
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@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@
3:
mov (sp),r2 / r2 contains 8xtty number
bit $4,rcsr(r2) / is carrier present for tty
beq starxmt / no carrler flush
beq starxmt / no carrier flush
mov r1,-(sp) / yes, place character to be output on stack
cmp r1,$11 / is character "ht"
bne 3f / no
@@ -35,7 +35,7 @@
clrb (r2) / col set column count = 0
br 1f
2:
bit $1,r1 / is bit 0 of ASC11 char = 1 (char = lf)
bit $1,r1 / is bit 0 of ASCII char = 1 (char = lf)
bne 2f / yes
bitb $20,3(r2) / cr flag is bit 4 of 5th byte of "tty"
/ area = 1

8
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@@ -21,7 +21,7 @@
/ tout
clrb (r2) / set column count = 0 entry
2:
add $5,r3 / time for this char increment value for tout
add $5,r3 / time for this char,increment value for tout
/ entry by 5
mov (sp),r2 / 0%8 r2 contains 8xtty number
asr r2
@@ -33,11 +33,11 @@
rts r0 / return
partab: / contains 3 digits for each character; digit 2 is used
/ to determine if 200 is to added to ASC11 code digits 0
/ to determine if 200 is to added to ASCII code digits 0
/ and 1 are used to determine value for jump table.
.byte 002,202,202,002,002,002,002,202
.byte 002,202,202,002,202,002,002,202
.byte 204,010,006,212,012,214,202,002
.byte 202,002,002,202,002,002,202,002
.byte 202,002,002,202,002,202,202,002
.byte 002,202,202,002,202,002,002,202
.byte 200,000,000,200,000,200,200,000
.byte 000,200,200,000,200,000,000,200