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Add guide for ITS Logo versions.
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Alexey-Slyusar
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Alexey-Slyusar
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@@ -98,6 +98,7 @@ There are some short introductions for beginners:
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- [Printing](doc/printing.md)
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- [Assembling ITS](doc/NITS.md)
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- [Com link mode](doc/comlink.md)
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- [Logo](doc/logo.md)
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A list of [known ITS machines](doc/machines.md).
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doc/logo.md
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doc/logo.md
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# Logo
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"I too see the computer presence as a potent influence on the human mind.
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I am very much aware of the holding power of an interactive computer and
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of how taking the computer as a model can influence the way we think about
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ourselves. In fact the work on LOGO to which I have devoted much of the past
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years consists precisely of developing such forces in positive directions."
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Seymour Papert
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"Logo is the name for a philosophy of education and for a continually
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evolving family of computer languages that aid its realization."
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Harold Abelson
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"Historically, this idea that Logo is mainly turtle graphics is a mistake.
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Logo’s name comes from the Greek word for word, because Logo was first
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designed as a language in which to manipulate language: words and sentences."
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Brian Harvey
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Logo was initially created by Wally Feurzeig, Seymour Papert, and Cynthia
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Solomon in 1967 as part of a National Science Foundation sponsored research
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project conducted at Bolt, Beranek & Newman, Inc., in Cambridge, Massachusetts.
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In 1969 Dr. Seymour Papert started the Logo Group at the MIT Artificial Intelligence
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Lab. Throughout the 1970s the majority of Logo development was conducted at MIT
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in the Artificial Intelligence Lab and the Division for Study and Research in
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Education, using large research computer systems, such as ITS powered PDP-10.
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Our goal is to make that early Logo systems available to a wider audience of
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enthusiasts for exploration, experimenting and, of course, hacking.
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### BBN Logo
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The BBN PDP-10 LOGO system was implemented originally by Walter B. Weiner with
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the assistance of Paul Wexelblat and Charles R. Morgan at BBN.
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We have the source file with a copyright from 1970. It is a version modified at
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National Research Council, Ottawa, Canada by A.G. Smith and R.A.Orchard.
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That version of BBN Logo for PDP-10 TOPS-10 and TENEX was assembled with MACRO-10
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in ITS, and dumped with the DECUUO bootstrap to get an ITS executable binary.
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to run, type:
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`:bbn;logo`
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Here is some BBN Logo related documentation:
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Bolt Beranek and Newman, Inc., Report no. 2165 vol. 4 "The Logo Processor: A Guide
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for System Programmers", pub date 30 June 1971.
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Bolt Beranek and Newman, Inc., Report no.1889 "Programming-Languages as a Conceptual
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Framework for Teaching Mathematics" (Feurzeig, Papert at al., 1969)
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Appendix "A Description of the Logo Language and System".
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Both documents are available at:
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https://github.com/PDP-10/bbn-logo
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### MIT CLOGO
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MIT CLOGO is a direct BBN LOGO descendant. It is, in essence, BBN Logo ported to ITS
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and MIDAS and enhanced with turtle graphics and other capabilities at MIT.
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We have a pretty stable CLOGO version 49 binary as well as well-commented source code
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for the version.
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Uninished documentation for the CLOGO may be reached at:
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https://github.com/PDP-10/its/blob/alexey/CLOGO/doc/_info_/clogo.manual
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### MIT LISP LOGO
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LISP LOGO is an implementation of the LOGO language written in MACLISP for the ITS, TEN50
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and TENEX PDP-10 systems, and MULTICS. The system was implemented by Ira Goldstein,
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Henry Lieberman in the early 70's at MIT.
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One of the reason for this implementation was to provide a natural transition to the more
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powerful computational world of LISP as the Logo programmer grows more sophisticated.
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When desired, one has access to all of the capabilities of MACLISP.
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As far as we know there were several LISP LOGO versions:
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- LLOGO - Standard version which uses a vocabulary which is compatible with 11LOGO.
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- CLLOGO - A version which uses a vocabulary which is compatible with CLOGO.
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- NLLOGO - An experimental version of LISP LOGO.
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- ELLOGO - Another experimental version of LISP LOGO.
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- BWLOGO - LISP LOGO with black and white graphics.
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LISP LOGO had available several packages of special functions:
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- TV TURTLE - LISP LOGO package provides Knight TV system Logo Graphics.
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- DISPLAY TURTLE - LISP LOGO package provides 340 / GT40 display Logo Graphics.
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- GERMLAND - some kind of display turtle for character displays without grahics capabilities.
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- MUSIC BOX - the package provides Logo music capabilities.
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The LLOGO variant of LISP LOGO was recently brought back to life during several amazing
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hacking session. As a result, we have LLOGO with TV TURTLE and DISPLAY TURTLE running
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on ITS under emulation.
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to run, type:
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`:llogo`
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If you start from a TV console, LLOGO will ask "DO YOU WANT TO USE THE TV TURTLE?".
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In other cases, LLOGO will ask the question without the "TV" part and then it'll use
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the Lisp display slave. The Lisp display slave has the option to use the PDP-6 or PDP-10
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driving the 340 display, or to use the GT40. We don't have GT40 display slave in place yet.
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To switch back and forth between LOGO and LISP top level loops type `LISP` from LOGO
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prompt and `(LOGO)` from MACLSIP prompt respectively.
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One more powerful feature of LISP LOGO is using the MACLISP compiler directly on LOGO
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source programs and obtain a substantial gain in efficiency, once the programs are
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thoroughly debugged.
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Documentation:
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[MIT A.I. Memo 307A "LLOGO: An Implementation of LOGO in LISP"](https://dspace.mit.edu/bitstream/handle/1721.1/6221/AIM-307a.pdf?sequence=2)
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[MIT A.I. Memo 361 "The TV Turtle. A Logo Graphics System for Raster Displays"](https://dspace.mit.edu/bitstream/handle/1721.1/5773/AIM-361.pdf?sequence=2)
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LISP LOGO is available in well-commented interpretive code. Timestamps for the TVRTLE file
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versions in the five hundreds are from 1978-1979.
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### MIT 11LOGO
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MIT 11LOGO is the LOGO system implemented for the PDP 11/45 at the MIT Artificial
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Intelligence Laboratory. We can run it on PDP-10 / ITS under emulation.
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to run 11LOGO type:
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```
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*:pdp45
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1145.427
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CORE = 8.K
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!56.:core
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CORE = 56.K
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!;a pk
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!;a df
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!;l system bin
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!400;g
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11LOGO 1007
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?STARTDISPLAY
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```
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The emulator must be run on the KA10 simulator which supports the Type 340 display.
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11LOGO system was one of the major logo versions of the 70s and included not only
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the LOGO evaluator but also a dedicated time-sharing system which serviced about
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dozen users. MIT AI MEMO 313 cites among the system developers Ron Label, Joe Cohen,
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Nat Goodman, Hal Abelson, Roger Hale, Radia Perlman. The 11LOGO display controller
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was designed and built by Tom Knight. The document also cited contributions of Richard
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Greenblatt on matters of system design and, of course, Seymour Papert and Cynthina
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Solomon on language specification.
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But please note, that the 11LOGO version 1007 currently available on ITS is very early
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MIT 11LOGO one. It is in essence just logo language evaluator with limited turtle display
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340 grapics capabilities only. A brief description of the built-in procedures (primitives)
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in 11LOGO version that we have is available at `its/doc/_info_/11logo.order document`.
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### MIT PLOGO
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In accordance with Leigh L Klotz Jr. talk at comp.lang.logo channel:
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"around 1977-1978, Gary Drescher and someone else whose name escapes me at the moment
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wrote a version of Logo in Pascal, as part of a project with Texas Instruments, for
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the TI 99/4 Home Computer, because Pascal was the only high-level language supported.
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They finished it and compiled it, and it produced something like a 300Kb program."
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It was written before the TI 9900 development machine arrived and when compiled it turned
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into about 400Kb, way above the size of the 99/4, so Ed Hardebeck hand-compiled it into
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9900 assembler.
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The MIT PLOGO was developed and cross-compilled on PDP-10. Lars Brinkhoff have obtained
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blessing from Gary Drescher to publish PLOGO source code.
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### MIT APLOGO
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In accordance with Leigh L Klotz Jr., Hal Abelson directed the Logo for the Apple II
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project at MIT.
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MIT APLOGO was developed by Stephen Hain, Patrick G. Sobalvarro and Leigh L Klotz Jr.
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It was developed and cross-compilled for the Apple-II-Plus Personal Microcomputer on
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PDP-10 at the MIT LOGO Group. It is direct predecessor for Terrapin Logo.
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We have a source code for assembling an improved version from 7/9/81 at `its/src/aplogo`
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### LogoWorks
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To quote Issac Newton "The best way to understanding is a few good examples."
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We have a special issue to discuss interesting pieces of Logo code implemented
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in Logo versions hosted on ITS.
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Here is a link:
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[#1538](https://github.com/PDP-10/its/issues/1538)
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