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MACN11 - PDP-11 cross assembler.

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Lars Brinkhoff 2025-02-08 18:09:44 +01:00
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11
build/misc.tcl
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@ -667,6 +667,17 @@ expect ":KILL"
respond "*" ":cwd budd\r"
respond "*" ":palx live palx\r"
# MACN11, pdp-11 cross assembler
respond "*" ":cwd decsys\r"
macro10 "macn11" "macn11.hdr,macn11.mac"
respond "*" ":dec sys:loader\r"
respond "*" "macn11/g\r"
expect "EXIT"
respond "*" ":start 45\r"
respond "Command:" "d"
respond "*" ":pdump sys3; ts macn11\r"
respond "*" ":kill\r"
# Cookie Bear
respond "*" ":midas gls; ts check_gls; check\r"
respond "DEBUGP==" "0\r"

3
build/timestamps.txt
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@ -283,6 +283,8 @@ decsys/lnklod.shr 197811110602.40
decsys/lnkscn.shr 197811110609.48
decsys/lnkxit.shr 197811110601.58
decsys/loader.shr 197603142216.18
decsys/macn11.hdr 197411160000.00
decsys/macn11.mac 197501140000.00
decsys/macro.shr 197603142216.26
decsys/macten.mac 197501040000.00
decsys/sits.mac 197609010303.16
@ -887,6 +889,7 @@ info/lispt.22 197803112120.26
_info_/lisp.trace 197501181143.25
_info_/lisp.whovar 198102200255.12
_info_/lmodem.help 198106051040.17
info/macn11.doc 197411060000.00
info/macsym.12 198303130147.18
info/mail.12 198201140231.54
info/meter.1 197707100346.21

358
doc/info/macn11.doc Normal file
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@ -0,0 +1,358 @@
MACN11 is a PDP-11 MACRO language assembler which operates
on the PDP-10. This document describes version 3 of MACN11; with
the exception of differences listed in the following pages, it is
compatible with the language accepted by MACRO-11 under DOS
Version 9, as described in DEC's DOS/BATCH assembler manual
(order no. DEC-11-LASMA-A-D).
Bug reports, comments, and suggestions concerning either
version of MACN11 are welcome via net mail to Raveling@ISIB.
Notes on MACN11 Version 3 Page 2
-------- Language Variations from MACRO-11 ---------
<< Features not yet supported >>
.PSECT -- Not recognized at present.
.DSABL REG -- Parsed properly but ignored;
Register definitions are always enabled
at present.
Both of these features will be supported in version 4.
<< Differences in defaults >>
Default modes for the .LIST/.NLIST and .ENABL/.DSABL
directives can be changed by assembly parameters in MACN11.
In the configuration maintained by ISI these defaults match
MACRO-11's except for the following:
.NLIST TTM ; [format listings for lpt output]
.ENABL LC ; [don't fold lower case]
Notes on MACN11 Version 3 Page 3
<< Language extensions >>
.ASCII & .ASCIZ
MACN11 allows multiple expressions, rather than just one,
within brackets. Expressions are delimited by commas.
E.g., "<cr><lf>" can be written as "<cr,lf>".
.ENABL & .DSABL
These verbs recognize two nonstandard operands:
NSF (Nonstandard features): Enabled by default.
Enabling NSF allows use of MACN11's extended features.
Disabling limits the acceptable source language to
being strictly compatible with MACRO-11.
ISD (Internal Symbol Definitions): Disabled by default
Enabling ISD includes definitions of internal symbols,
as well as global symbols, in the object module output.
These definitions allow generation of a symbol table
for debuggers such as DDT-11.
HOV (Hexadecimal override): Disabled by default. If the
current radix is 16 and HOV is enabled, then terms of
expressions which begin with A-F are assumed to be hex
numbers, rather than symbols. E.g.,
.ENABL HOV ; Enabling hex override causes
MOV A,R0 ; this instruction to load 10. into
; R0, rather than the address of a
; word labelled A.
.ENDM
Interior macro definitions within a nest can be terminated
by a .ENDM whose operand is the name of an exterior
definition.
Hexadecimal numbers
Hex numbers, using the digits 0-9 and A-F, may be used via
extensions of the existing radix control functions. .RADIX
accepts 16 as a valid operand to set the current default
radix, and temporary radix control includes "H" in addition
to the standard "D", "O", and "B".
When using hexadecimal as the default radix it is normally
necessary to prefix numbers beginning with A-F by a 0;
Notes on MACN11 Version 3 Page 4
otherwise they would be parsed as symbols. Use of .ENABL
HOV eliminates this need at the cost of making symbols
beginning with A-F inaccessible.
Logical shift operator ("_")
An additional binary operator is recognized in expression
evaluation. "a_b" is evaluated as "the value of a shifted
left b bits". If b is negative, the term is shifted right.
Both a and b may be any valid term, including a bracketed
expression.
A common use for this operator is in defining symbolic
values for bit masks. For example, "INTENA = 1_6" defines
an interrupt enable mask as a 1 in bit 6.
.PDP10
The ".PDP10" directive is recognized, but is ignored. This
is for the sake of assembling Bliss-11 compiler output.
Predefined symbols
Symbols can be predefined by assembling their symbol table
entries into MACN11. At present register names (R0-R7, SP,
and PC) and ".MACN." are defined in this way. .MACN. is
equated to the assembler's version number.
Radix 50 terms in expressions: ^R
"^R" is recognized as a unary operator in expressions,
indicating that the next three characters are to be
converted to radix 50 format for use as a 16-bit value. Any
character without a radix 50 equivalent is treated as a
delimiter, and is taken as equivalent to trailing blanks in
evaluating the term.
.SBHED
A new directive, .SBHED, specifies a subheading; it
functions as a conditional .PAGE followed by a .SBTTL. It
skips to a new page unless the most recent listing output
was a page skip, then outputs a standard page heading.
.SBHED's operand field is included in the table of contents
and in all page subheadings until another .SBHED or a .SBTTL
is issued. The .SBHED directive itself is the first line
listed below the new page heading.
Notes on MACN11 Version 3 Page 5
---------------- Operating Procedures -----------------
Operating procedures for MACN11 version 3 are nearly
identical to MACRO-11's. The only differences are the following:
"=" and "_" are accepted as synonyms for "<".
The /PA switch is accepted but is ignored.
An additional switch, /FO, is available to specify
the PDP-10 file format for object output.
Cross references are pretty disgusting.
Details of these differences are included in the description
below.
MACN11 assembles one or more source files, normally
producing two files: a relocatable object module and an assembly
listing. Command string syntax is similar to MACRO-11's.
Object files normally are generated in packed format, with
each PDP-11 word right-adjusted in a PDP-10 halfword. This
format is standard for other utilities which may deal with these
files (LNKX11, LINK11, FILEX, etc.).
Command Input String
When MACN11 is ready for a command it lists its name and
version number on the user's terminal, then outputs a "*" on a
new line. In return it expects the following sort of string:
object,listing<source1,source2,...,sourcen
"<" separates output file specifications from input specs. "="
and "_" are equally acceptable.
Each field in the command string specifies a file name and
may include optional switches. File names must conform to
DEC conventions (6-byte file name, optional 3-byte
extension). If the extension is omitted on any file name
the assembler chooses a suitable default.
A PPN (project-programmer number) may be supplied where
MACRO-11 would accept a UIC (user identification code).
Under Tenex this is treated as a directory number. MACN11's
source contains assembly parameters to allow it to accept
Notes on MACN11 Version 3 Page 6
PPNs in the formats used by CMU and Stanford.
Object is normally a relocatable object module file, ready for
input to LNKX11 or LINK-11. Its default extension is
".OBJ". Absolute binary output, with default extension
".BIN", can be generated by using ".ENABL ABS" in the source
program, or by including a "/EN:ABS" switch in the command
string.
Object file format may be specified with the "/FO" switch.
"/FO:P" generates packed output (1 PDP-11 word per PDP-10
halfword), and is the default. "/FO:I" forces image-mode
output, with one 8-bit byte per PDP-10 word.
Listing is an ASCII file with a default extension of ".LST".
Cross references may be obtained by using a "/CRF" switch
with the listing file; this generates a file with extension
".CRF", which must be run through CREF. The resulting
listing is terrible. It looks a little better if "/NL:SEQ"
is also specified, but that doesn't cure the readability
problems. In addition, not all references to symbols are
recorded in the cross reference. All of these woes will be
fixed by moving cross reference processing into MACN11; this
will be done no later than version 5 of the assembler.
Source files are in ASCII, with the following default extensions
recognized by the assembler:
".M11", ".P11", ".MAC", blank
Either the object file or the listing file, but not both,
may be omitted. Any number of source files (except 0) may be
used.
Notes on MACN11 Version 3 Page 7
------------- Assembler Generation Options --------------
The source for MACN11 contains a number of assembly
parameters to allow customizing it for individual installations.
Most, but not all, are clustered on a couple pages at the
beginning. The most useful of these parameters, and their values
in the ISI source, are . . .
Name Default Value Meaning
-------- ----------- ---------------------------------
CCLSW 0 1 => Generate CCL support
CMUSW 0 1 => Handle CMU PPNs
in file names
STANSW 0 1 => Handle Stanford PPNs
PAGSIZ D54 Number of lines per page
on listing output
ENDEF LCFLG+PNCFLG+REGFLG Default .ENABL modes; bit names
are "xxxFLG", where "xxx" is an
operand of .ENABL/.DSABL.
LDEF 777777-LLD-LME-LMEB-LTTM Default .LIST modes; bit names
are "Lxxx", where "xxx" is an
operand of .LIST/.NLIST.
Additional symbols can be predefined by assembling their
definitions into the prototype symbol table which begins at
location PERMST, near the end of the assembly. This table is
kept in ascending order by the .RAD50 (mod 40) value of the
symbol, which is equivalent to alphabetic order except for "."
and "$". Entry format is . . .
XWD ; type-flags,value
GENM40 N,A,M,E ; 1-6 characters
Type flags may be . . .
DEFSYM -- Symbol is defined
REGSYM -- Symbol identifies a register
GLBSYM -- Symbol is global (external if DEFSYM not set)
Notes on MACN11 Version 3 Page 8
--------- Internal Symbol Definitions ----------
When ISD is enabled, internal symbol definition entries
When .ENABL ISD is in effect, internal symbol definition entries
are included in the generated object module's global symbol
dictionary. These are type 2 GSD entries, which are identified
in appendix B (B.1.3) of the DOS/Batch Linker manual. Their
format is:
---------------------------------
! Symbol !
! Name !
---------------------------------
! 2 ! Flags !
---------------------------------
! Value !
---------------------------------
The symbol name is two words in .RAD50 format.
The flag byte currently has only one bit defined: Bit 0 is set if
the symbol is a register name. All undefined bits are set to 0.
The value is identical to that field in global symbol name (type
4) entries: It is the symbol's offset from the start of the csect
identified by the most recent type 1 (csect name) entry. ISD
values are absolute if they follow the absolute csect's type 1
entry.î

1
doc/programs.md
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@ -210,6 +210,7 @@
- LUSER, request help from registered list of logged-in users.
- MBXLOC, lock a mailbox.
- MACDMP, standalone program loader/dumper for DECtape.
- MACN11, PDP-11 cross assembler.
- MACN80, Z80 cross assembler.
- MACRO-10, DEC assembler.
- MACSYMA, symbolic manipulation system.

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