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mirror of synced 2026-01-23 10:58:49 +00:00
2009-05-10 23:51:20 +00:00

704 lines
13 KiB
Verilog

// PDP-8
// Based on descriptions in "Computer Engineering"
// Nov 2005 Brad Parker brad@heeltoe.com
// initial work; runs focal a bit
// Dec 2006
// cleaned up a little; now runs focal to prompt
// moved i/o out to pdp8_io.v
// added IF, DF, user mode
// Apr 2009
// major revamp for synthesis, removed latches, added muxes, new top
//
// TODO:
// fully implement extended memory (IF & DF), user mode (KT8/I)
// add df32/rf08
// 6000 pws ac <= switches
//
//
// Instruction format:
//
// 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11
// 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
// |--op--|
// 0 and
// 1 tad
// 2 isz
// 3 dca
// 4 jms
// 5 jmp
// 6 iot
// 7 opr
// 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
// group 1
// 0
// |cla|clf| | |
// | | |cma cml| |
// |bsw 001 |
// |ral 010 |
// |rtl 011 |
// |rar 100 |
// |rtr 101 |
// | |iac
//
// 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
// group 2
// 1 0
// |sma|sza|snl|skp| |
// |cla|
// |osr|hlt
//
// group 3
// 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
// eae
// 1 1
// |cla|
// |mqa|sca|mql|
// |isn |
//
//
//
// cpu states
//
// F0 fetch
// F1 incr pc
// F2 write
// F3 dispatch
//
// E0 read
// E1 decode
// E2 write
// E3 load
//
// or
//
// D0 read
// D1 wait
// D2 write
// D3 load
//
// H0 halted
//
// ------
//
// F0 fetch
// check for interrupt
//
// F1 incr pc
// if opr
// group 1 processing
// group 2 processing
//
// if iot
//
// incr pc or skip (incr pc by 2)
//
// F2 write
// ma <= pc
//
// F3 dispatch
// if opr
// group1 processing
//
// if !opr && !iot
// possible defer
//
//
// D0
// mb <= memory
// D1
// D2
// D3
//
// E0
// mb <= memory
// E1
// E2 write isz value
// E3
//
//
// extended memory
//
// 62n1 cdf change data field; df <= mb[5:3]
// 62n2 cif change instruction field; if <= mb[5:3], after next jmp or jms
// 6214 rdf read df into ac[5:3]
// 6224 rif read if into ac[5:3]
// 6234 rib read sf into ac[5:0], which is {if,df}
// 6244 rmf restore memory field, sf => ib, df
// (remember that on interrupt, sf <= {if,df})
//
module pdp8(clk, reset,
ram_addr, ram_data_out, ram_data_in, ram_rd, ram_wr,
io_select, io_data_out, io_data_in,
io_data_avail, io_interrupt, io_skip,
switches, iot, state, mb);
input clk, reset;
input [11:0] ram_data_in;
output ram_rd;
output ram_wr;
output [11:0] ram_data_out;
output [14:0] ram_addr;
output [5:0] io_select;
input [11:0] io_data_in;
output [11:0] io_data_out;
input io_data_avail;
input io_interrupt;
input io_skip;
output iot;
output [3:0] state;
output [11:0] mb;
input [11:0] switches;
// memory buffer, holds data, instructions
reg [11:0] mb;
// generate address of work in memory being accessed
wire [14:0] ma;
// accumulator & link
reg [11:0] ac;
reg l;
// MQ
reg [11:0] mq;
// program counter
reg [11:0] pc;
wire pc_incr, pc_skip;
// instruction register
reg [2:0] ir;
// extended memory - instruction field & data field
reg [2:0] IF;
reg [2:0] DF;
reg [2:0] IB;
reg [5:0] SF;
reg ib_pending;
// user mode
reg UB;
reg UF;
// processor state
reg [3:0] state;
wire [3:0] next_state;
reg run;
reg interrupt_enable;
reg interrupt_cycle;
reg interrupt_inhibit;
reg interrupt_skip;
reg interrupt;
reg user_interrupt;
wire skip_condition;
wire fetch; // memory cycle to fetch instruction
wire deferred;// memory cycle to get address of operand
wire execute;// memory cycle to getch (store) operand and execute isn
assign {fetch, deferred, execute} =
(state[3:2] == 2'b00) ? 3'b100 :
(state[3:2] == 2'b01) ? 3'b010 :
(state[3:2] == 2'b10) ? 3'b001 :
3'b000 ;
// instruction op decode
wire i_and,tad,isz,dca,jms,jmp,iot,opr;
assign {i_and,tad,isz,dca,jms,jmp,iot,opr} =
(ir == 3'b000) ? 8'b10000000 :
(ir == 3'b001) ? 8'b01000000 :
(ir == 3'b010) ? 8'b00100000 :
(ir == 3'b011) ? 8'b00010000 :
(ir == 3'b100) ? 8'b00001000 :
(ir == 3'b101) ? 8'b00000100 :
(ir == 3'b110) ? 8'b00000010 :
8'b00000001 ;
//-------------
/*
* note: bit numbering is opposite that used in "Computer Engineering"
*
* F1
* if opr
* if MB[8] and !MB[0]
* begin
* if skip.conditions ^ MB[3]
* pc <= pc + 2
* if skip.conditions == MB[3]
* pc <= pc + 1 next
* if MB[7]
* ac <= 0
*/
assign skip_condition = (mb[6] && ac[11]) ||
(mb[5] && (ac == 12'b0)) ||
(mb[4] && l);
assign pc_incr =
(opr & !mb[8]) ||
(opr && (mb[8] && !mb[0]) && (skip_condition == mb[3])) ||
iot ||
(!(opr || iot) && !interrupt_cycle);
assign pc_skip =
(opr && (mb[8] && !mb[0]) && (skip_condition ^ mb[3])) ||
(iot && (io_skip || interrupt_skip));
// (iot && mb[0] && io_skip);
// cpu states
parameter F0 = 4'b0000;
parameter F1 = 4'b0001;
parameter F2 = 4'b0010;
parameter F3 = 4'b0011;
parameter D0 = 4'b0100;
parameter D1 = 4'b0101;
parameter D2 = 4'b0110;
parameter D3 = 4'b0111;
parameter E0 = 4'b1000;
parameter E1 = 4'b1001;
parameter E2 = 4'b1010;
parameter E3 = 4'b1011;
parameter H0 = 4'b1100;
//
// cpu state state machine
//
// clock next cpu state at rising edge of clock
//
always @(posedge clk)
if (reset)
state <= 0;
else
state <= next_state;
wire next_is_F0;
wire next_is_E0;
assign next_is_F0 = opr | iot | (!mb[8] & jmp);
assign next_is_E0 = !mb[8] & !jmp;
assign next_state = state == F0 ? F1 :
state == F1 && (~iot | (iot & io_data_avail)) ? F2 :
state == F2 ? F3 :
state == F3 ? (~run ? H0 :
next_is_F0 ? F0 :
next_is_E0 ? E0 :
D0) :
state == D0 ? D1 :
state == D1 ? D2 :
state == D2 ? D3 :
state == D3 ? (jmp ? F0 : E0) :
state == E0 ? E1 :
state == E1 ? E2 :
state == E2 ? E3 :
state == E3 ? F0 :
state == H0 ? H0 :
F0;
//
// pc
//
wire [11:0] pc_mux;
always @(posedge clk)
if (reset)
pc <= 0;
else
begin
if (state == F1) $display("pc_skip %b", pc_skip);
//if (state == F1 || state == D3 || state == E3)
//$display(" pc <- %o", pc_mux);
pc <= pc_mux;
end
assign pc_mux = (state == F1 && pc_skip) ? (pc + 12'd2) :
(state == F1 && pc_incr) ? (pc + 12'd1) :
(state == F3 && !(opr || iot) && (!mb[8] & jmp)) ? ma :
(state == D3 && jmp) ? mb :
(state == E3 && jms) ? ma :
(state == E3 && isz && mb == 12'b0) ? (pc + 12'd1) :
pc;
//
// ram
//
assign ram_rd = (state == F0) ||
(state == D0) ||
(state == E0);
assign ram_wr = (state == D2 && is_index_reg) ||
(state == E2 && (isz || dca || jms));
assign ram_addr = ma;
assign ram_data_out = mb;
assign io_select = mb[8:3];
assign io_data_out = ac;
//
// ea calculation
//
reg [14:0] ea;
always @(posedge clk)
if (reset)
ea <= 0;
else
if (state == F1)
ea <= {DF, mb[7] ? pc[11:7] : 5'b0, mb[6:0]};
else
if (state == D3)
ea <= mb;
wire is_index_reg;
assign is_index_reg = ea[11:3] == 8'h01;
//
// ma
//
assign ma = (state == F0) ? {IF, pc} :
(state == F2 && (opr || iot)) ? {IF,pc} :
((state == F3 || state == D0 || state == E0) &&
(!opr && !iot)) ? ea :
(state == D2) ? (is_index_reg ? ea : {DF,mb}) :
(state == E2 ) ? ea :
(state == E3 && jms) ? {ea[14:12], ea[11:0] + 12'b1} :
15'b0;
//
// registers
//
always @(posedge clk)
if (reset)
begin
mb <= 0;
ac <= 0;
mq <= 0;
l <= 0;
ir <= 0;
run <= 1;
interrupt_enable <= 0;
interrupt_cycle <= 0;
interrupt_inhibit <= 0;
interrupt_skip <= 0;
interrupt <= 0;
user_interrupt <= 0;
IF <= 0;
DF <= 0;
IB <= 0;
SF <= 0;
UF <= 0;
UB <= 0;
ib_pending <= 0;
end
else
case (state)
// FETCH
F0:
begin
interrupt_skip <= 0;
if (interrupt && interrupt_enable &&
!interrupt_inhibit && !interrupt_cycle)
begin
$display("xxx interrupt, pc %o; %b %b %b",
pc, interrupt, interrupt_enable, interrupt_cycle);
interrupt_cycle <= 1;
interrupt <= 0;
interrupt_enable <= 0;
// simulate a jsr to 0
mb <= 12'o4000;
ir <= 3'o4;
SF <= {IF,DF};
IF <= 3'b000;
DF <= 3'b000;
end
else
begin
interrupt_cycle <= 0;
//?? interrupt_inhibit <= 0;
//?? ib_pending <= 0;
//$display("read ram [%o] -> %o", ram_addr, ram_data_in);
mb <= ram_data_in;
ir <= ram_data_in[11:9];
end
end
F1:
begin
if (opr)
case ({mb[8],mb[0]})
2'b0x: // group 1
begin
if (mb[7]) ac <= 0;
if (mb[6]) l <= 0;
if (mb[5]) ac <= ~ac;
if (mb[4]) l <= ~l;
end
2'b10: // group 2
begin
if (mb[7])
ac <= 0;
end
2'b11: // group 3
begin
if (mb[7])
ac <= 0;
end
default:
;
endcase
if (iot)
begin
case (io_select)
6'b000000: // ION, IOF
case (mb[2:0])
3'b001: interrupt_enable <= 1;
3'b010: interrupt_enable <= 0;
3'b011: if (interrupt_enable)
interrupt_skip <= 1;
endcase
6'b010xxx: // CDF..RMF
begin
case (mb[2:0])
3'b001: DF <= mb[5:3]; // CDF
3'b010: // CIF
begin
IB <= mb[5:3];
ib_pending <= 1;
interrupt_inhibit <= 1;
end
3'b100:
case (io_select[2:0])
3'b001: ac <= { 6'b0, DF, 3'b0 }; // RDF
3'b010: ac <= { 6'b0, IF, 3'b0 }; // RIF
3'b011: ac <= { 6'b0, SF }; // RIB
3'b100: begin // RMF
IB <= SF[5:3];
DF <= SF[2:0];
end
endcase
endcase
end
endcase // case(io_select)
if (io_data_avail)
begin
//$display("io_data clock %o", io_data_in);
ac <= io_data_in;
end
end // if (iot)
if (io_interrupt)
interrupt <= 1;
end // case: F1
F2:
begin
if (opr)
begin
// group 3
if (mb[8] & mb[0])
case ({mb[6:4]})
3'b001: mq <= ac;
3'b100: ac <= ac | mq;
//3'b101: tmq <= mq;
3'b100: ac <= mq;
3'b101: ac <= mq;
endcase
end
end
F3:
begin
if (opr)
begin
// group 1
if (!mb[8])
begin
if (mb[0]) // IAC
{l,ac} <= {l,ac} + 1'b1;
case (mb[3:1])
3'b001: // BSW
{l,ac} <= {l,ac[5:0],ac[11:6]};
3'b010: // RAL
{l,ac} <= {ac[11:0],l};
3'b011: // RTL
{l,ac} <= {ac[10:0],l,ac[11]};
3'b100: // RAR
{l,ac} <= {ac[0],l,ac[11:1]};
3'b101: // RTR
{l,ac} <= {ac[1:0],l,ac[11:2]};
endcase
end
if (!UF)
begin
// group 2
if (mb[8] & !mb[0])
begin
if (mb[2])
ac <= ac | switches;
if (mb[1])
run <= 0;
end
end
if (UF)
begin
// group 2 - user mode (halt & osr)
if (mb[8] & !mb[0])
begin
if (mb[2])
user_interrupt <= 1;
if (mb[1])
user_interrupt <= 1;
end
end
// group 3
if (mb[8] & mb[0])
begin
if (mb[7:4] == 4'b1101)
mq <= 0;
end
// ir <= 0;
// mb <= 0;
end // if (opr)
// if (iot)
// begin
// ir <= 0;
// mb <= 0;
// end
// if (!(opr || iot))
// begin
// if (!mb[8] & jmp)
// begin
// //pc <= ma;
// ir <= 0;
// mb <= 0;
// end
//
// if (mb[8])
// mb <= 0;
//
// if (!mb[8] & !jmp)
// mb <= 0;
// end
end // case: F3
// DEFER
D0:
begin
$display("read ram [%o] -> %o", ram_addr, ram_data_in);
mb <= ram_data_in;
end
D1:
begin
// auto increment locations
if (is_index_reg)
mb <= mb + 1;
end
D2:
begin
// write ram
$display("write ram [%o] <- %o", ram_addr, ram_data_out);
end
D3:
begin
// if (jmp)
// begin
// //pc <= mb;
// ir <= 0;
// mb <= 0;
// end
//
// if (!jmp)
// begin
// mb <= 0;
// end
end
// EXECUTE
E0:
begin
$display("read ram [%o] -> %o", ram_addr, ram_data_in);
mb <= ram_data_in;
end
E1:
begin
if (i_and)
begin
end
if (isz)
mb <= mb + 1;
else
if (dca)
mb <= ac;
else
if (jms)
mb <= pc;
end
E2:
begin
// write ram
$display("write ram [%o] <- %o", ram_addr, ram_data_out);
end
E3:
begin
if (i_and)
ac <= ac & mb;
else
if (tad)
{l,ac} <= {l,ac} + {1'b0,mb};
else
if (dca)
ac <= 0;
// pc <- ma
// ir <= 0;
end
endcase // case(state)
endmodule